This appeal presents one basic question: Did the General Assembly have constitutional authority to pass an act to abolish “all school districts, special tax, special charter, or otherwise” as then constituted, and to provide for redistricting the territory of the several counties for school purposes irrespective of the boundaries of such districts ? Sec. 4, ch. 562, Public Laws 1933, as amended by see. 5, ch. 455, of Public Laws 1935.
We answer in the affirmative.
It is not controverted that the board of education has the discretionary power to select sites for school buildings in school districts. It is not, therefore, contended that, if the new district in question be legally established, the discretion of the board of education fairly exercised in selecting the site therein may be controlled by mandamus.
Plaintiffs contend, however, that the duty of dividing the counties into convenient school districts is imposed upon the boards of county commissioners by the Constitution (Art. IX, sec. 3), and that, therefore, the Acts of 1933 and 1935 above referred to are unconstitutional in that respect. Plaintiffs further contend that if having been agreed as a fact that the district in question was established in 1906 by- the board of county commissioners of Iredell County, and not having been changed or in any manner altered by that board, the district remains unaffected by the said acts.
A similar question as to the authority of board of county commissioners with respect to the establishment of a school district was raised in the case of McCormac v. Comrs., 90 N. C., 441. At that time by legislative enactment the boards of county commissioners were constituted boards of education, charged with the general management of the public schools and vested with the power and duty to decide all controversies and questions' relating to the boundaries of school districts, to the location of schoolhouses, and to the laying off and numbering of school districts in their respective counties. Secs. 2545, 2546, and 2549 of Code of 1883. In that case the Legislature had authorized the establishment of a graded school in two public school districts of Eobeson County, subject to the will of the people to be ascertained in an election to be held. The board of commissioners undertook by order to include *502additional territory within the district. Denying this authority to be in the board of county commissioners; and speaking to the question, the Court said: “That it is within the power and is the province of the Legislature to subdivide the territory of the State and invest the inhabitants of such subdivisions with corporate functions, more or less extensive and varied in their character, for the purposes of government, is too well settled to admit of any serious question. Indeed, it seems to be a fundamental feature of our system of free government that such a power is inherent in the legislative branch of the government, limited and regulated, as it may be, only by the organic law. The Constitution of the State was formed in view of this and like fundamental principles. They permeate its provisions, and all statutory enactments should be interpreted in the light of them when they apply.
“It is in the exercise of such power that the Legislature alone can create, directly or indirectly, counties, townships, school districts, road districts, and the like subdivisions, and invest them, and agencies in them, with powers corporate or otherwise in their nature, to effectuate the purposes of the government, whether these be local or general, or both. Such organizations are intended to be instrumentalities and agencies employed to aid in the administration of the government and are always under the control of the power that created them, unless the same shall be restricted by some constitutional limitation. Hence the Legislature may, from time to time, in its discretion, abolish them, enlarge or diminish their boundaries, or increase, modify, or abrogate their powers. . . .
“Whenever such agencies are created, whatever their purpose or the extent or character of their powers, they are the creatures of the legislative will and subject to its control, and such agencies can only exercise such powers as may be conferred upon them and in the way and manner prescribed by law . .
“Their (boards of county commissioners) powers as the county board of education are derived from public school laws. . .
The decisions of this Court through the years since have been uniform in holding that the mandate of Art. IX of the Constitution of North Carolina for the establishment and maintenance of a general and uniform system of public schools is upon and exclusively within the province of the General Assembly. Laws passed in obedience to such mandate have been repeatedly approved and upheld by the decisions of this Court. Barksdale v. Comrs., 93 N. C., 472, at 484; Smith v. Trustees, 141 N. C., 143, at 152; Trustees v. Webb, 155 N. C., 379, at 384; Woosley v. Comrs., 182 N. C., 429, at 432, 109 S. E., 368; Lacy v. Bank, 183 N. C., 373, 111 S. E., 612; Sparkman v. Comrs., 187 N. C., 241, 121 S. E., 531; Frazier v. Comrs., 194 N. C., 49, at 62, 138 S. E., 433.
*503The Act of 1933, sec. 4, also has been the subject of judicial interpretation by this Court. Evans v. Mecklenburg County, 205 N. C., 560, 172 S. E., 323; Board of Education of McDowell County v. Burgin, 206 N. C., 421, 174 S. E., 286.
In Evans v. Mecklenburg County, supra, speaking with reference to the provisions of ch. 562, Public Laws 1933, this Court said: “All the powers and duties conferred by the recent act and those previously conferred by law under the State Board of Equalization are now vested in the State School Commission. . . . This commission . . . shall classify each county as an administrative unit, and with the advice of the county board of education shall redistrict each county.
“These and other provisions of the Act of 1933 . . . including the clause which repeals all conflicting public, public-local and private laws, indicate a legislative intent to annul or to subordinate to the new law all statutes relating to the public schools which were in effect at the time of its enactment and to establish a uniform system under which all the public schools of the State shall be conducted.”
Plaintiffs further contend that the school act in question is in conflict with that part of Art. II, sec. 29, of the Constitution, which reads as follows: “The General Assembly shall not pass any local, private or special act or resolution relating to . . . establishing or changing the lines of school districts. . . . Any local private or special act or resolution passed in violation of the provisions of this section shall be void.’’ This contention is answered by the last sentence of said section of the Constitution which provides: “The General Assembly shall have power to pass general laws regulating matters set out in this section.” The act in question relates to all school districts in the State. The purpose of the act as disclosed by its language shows it to be a general law. Miller v. Roberts, ante, 126; Hancock v. R. R., 124 N. C., 222, 32 S. E., 769; Webb v. Port Comm., 205 N. C., 663, 172 S. E., 377.
In our jurisdiction the principle is established that in the absence of gross abuse the courts will not undertake to direct or control the discretion conferred by law upon a public officer. Newton v. School Comm., 158 N. C., 187, 73 S. E., 886; Davenport v. Board of Education, 183 N. C., 570, 112 S. E., 246; School Comm. v. Board of Education, 186 N. C., 643, 120 S. E., 202; McInnish v. Board of Education, 187 N. C., 494, 122 S. E., 182; Board of Education v. Forrest, 190 N. C., 753, 130 S. E., 621; Clark v. McQueen, 195 N. C., 714, 143 S. E., 528; Crabtree v. Board of Education, 199 N. C., 650, 155 S. E., 550. .
■ In Mclnnish v. Board of Education, supra, speaking to the duties of county boards of education, the court said: “Among these is the duty of selecting sites and building schools, and the performance of this duty necessarily involves the exercise of discretion.”
*504'When an officer in tbe exercise of discretionary power has considered and determined wbat bis course of action is to be, and bas exercised bis discretion, bis action is not subject to review or control by mandamus. Battle v. Rocky Mount, 156 N. C., 329, 12 S. E., 354; Dula v. School Trustees, 177 N. C., 426, 99 S. E., 193; Wilkinson v. Board of Education, 199 N. C., 669, 155 S. E., 562.
Tbe judgment of the court below is
Affirmed.