The first exception taken to the ruling of His Honor was to his refusal to admit evidence on the part of the plaintiff to prove an actual delivery of the property conveyed in the deed by the grantor to the plaintiff, the grantee, at the time of executing the deed. This evidence was offered to show that the-grantor intended by the deed to convey a present interest to the plaintiff and his wife, and for that purpose was clearly incompetent because it would contradict the deed, and the deed must speak for itself; it cannot be added to, varied or contradicted by parol evidence. Wilson v. Sandifer, 76 N. C., 347. The deed in this case conveyed the property to the grantees to be theirs on the death of the grantor, but the parol evidence offered was to show that the property was to be theirs immediately upon the execution of the deed.
The next exception by defendant was to the ruling of His Honor “that by the deed the grantor reserved to himself a life estate in the property, and that the grantees could take nothing in remainder.”
The grounds taken in support of this exception were, first, because the premises of the deed completely disposes of the property before the phrase which it is insisted reserves a life estate to the donor. The words of the deed being, “and the party of the first part doth also, in consideration of one *224dollar to him,in hand paid by the party of the second part, the receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged, give, grant, bargain, sell and convey, unto the party of the second part all his household and kitchen furniture to be theirs at his death to have and to hold,” &c., the counsel insists that the names of the grantor and grantees, words of grant and description of the thing granted, are all before the so-called reservation, and perform the office of premises; and the words, “to be theirs at his death,” perform the office of an habendum, as it is used to qualify the premises, and being totally repugnant thereto is void. We do not see the force of the argument. The whole conveyance is here set out in the premises of the deed which includes the words, “ to be theirs at his death,” and then follows the habendum to have and to hold which in no way qualifies the estate conveyed in the premises.
And secondly, because though the phrase “ to be theirs at his death,” be a part of the premises, inasmuch as it is repugnant to the prior clause of the deed conveying this property to the grantees, it is void. The effect of such a rule would be to exclude reservations from all deeds having no habendum, and as Chanoellob. Kent says, (in 4 Kent Com. 468), in modern conveyancing the habendum clause in deeds has degenerated into mere form, and,a deed may be good without any habendum.
It is now too late to contend that a remainder in personal chattels may be limited in remainder after a life estate. It is too well settled by numerous adjudications in this state to admit of serious argument to the contrary, and.upon this well established principle it has been repeatedly held that a reservation of a life estate in chattels, in a deed attempting to convey them in remainder, reserves the whole estate and the limitation over is void. So if in this deed there is a reservation of a life estate to the grantor, the plaintiff takes nothing by the deed. The law prescribes no formula for *225such a reservation; any expression in a deed that indicates the intention of the donor to reserve a life estate is sufficient, as in the case of Graham v. Graham, 2 Hawks, 322, the words were, “have given and granted at my death and by these presents, at that time, do give and grant to the said M. G. my negro girl, (this was before the act of 1825); it was held that it resembled the common case of a conveyance by deed of personal property for life, remainder to another after the determination of the life estate, and nothing passed to the remainder-man.
In Morrow v. Williams, 3 Dev. 263, after giving the property to the donee the words used were “ to enjoy full poiver and possession after my death;” Judge Hall observes: “ Now it has been held in repeated decisions, that such a remainder in personal chattels cannot be created by deed,” and after-citing Graham v. Graham and several other decisions of this-court, added: “ The doctrine may therefore be considered settled.” See also Sutton v. Hollowell, 3 Dev. 185; Hunt v. Davis, 3 Dev. & Bat. 42; Foscue v. Foscue, 2 Ired. Eq, 321; Lance v. Lance, 5 Jones, 413. The law was altered in this. respect as to slaves by the act of 1823 and this act of the legislature is a very strong recognition of the principle and was as much as to have declared that as to other kinds of personal chattels than slaves, no conveyance by deed of a remainder after a life estate shall be good.
There is no error. The judgment of the superior court is affirmed.
No error. Affirmed.