(After stating the facts.) It is the Settled law of this state that the courts will not invade the domestic forum or interfere with the right of a husband to control and govern his family; and from motives of public policy, even if a husband should chastise his wife, it is regarded as best not to take any cognizance thereof, unless some permanent injury be inflicted, or there be an excess of violence, or such a degree of cruelty as shows that the chastisement was inflicted to gratify his own bad passion. State v. Rhodes, Phil., 453. In this case there was no provocation whatever so far as we can gather from the case of appeal. We are therefore to take it that the battery of the wife was without excuse, and unprovoked. And it is further aggravated b3f the fact that it was inflicted in great excess and to such a degree.of cruelty as to indicate malice against her, and to *369disable her very seriously and perhaps permanently. Upon the facts as above recited, the conduct of the defendant was brutal, and such as to call for exemplary punishment, adequate to correct him and to deter all others from offending-in like manner. There being no specific punishment provided by statute for such an offence, it was the duty of the. judge in the exercise of his legal discretion to fix upon the-term of imprisonment suited to the case without restriction* save that in the constitution which forbids “ cruel or unusual punishments ” to be inflicted.
His Honor pronounced judgment of imprisonment fbir two years in the county jail, and thereupon the question is made, — whether the punishment inflicted be or be not in violation of the constitution, Art! 1, § 14. It was intimated in Miller’s case, 75 N. C., 73, and since then, decided in Driver’s case, 78 N. C., 423, that an imprisonment for five-years was excessive and in violation of the constitution for-any misdemeanor at common law. In the latter case the court, in speaking of the limit to the power of the judge to-punish, say — “ what the precise limit is, cannot be prescribed. The constitution does not fix it, precedents do-not fix it, and we cannot fix it, and it ought not to be fixed. It ought to be left to the judge, who inflicts it under the circumstances of each case, and it ought not to be interferred with except when the abuse is palpable.” The case of the defendant is an unusual one in its features, and it called for a punishment unusual in its kind, and duration. He whipped his wife without provocation, excessively and cruelly, and inflicted most likely a permanent injury on her. He had whipped! her before, and had! put her under fear of death if she had him arrested. When such maltreatment appears and it is clearly evinced that the husband acts wantonly and for the gratification of malice,, it is difficult to say how long an imprisonment may be adjudged without violating the constitution. In respect to the-, *370kind and quantum of the punishment, regard is always to be had to the circumstances as developed on the trial; and ¡the judge presiding has the opportunity to know the case Ibetter than an appellate tribunal. Therefore it is to be as:sumed in this case that His Honor could understand and :see the extent of the injuries inflicted and the motives operating on the defendant, and properly weigh any matter in 'mitigation, and thus be enabled to decide upon the propriety .of the punishment to be suffered for the protection of the wife,.and through it, for the protection and good order of •society.
We will not undertake to fix upon the extent to which a judge in his discretion may go in inflicting punishment for an .assault and battery. We simply decide that the judgment .in this case was not unwarranted. There is no error. Let this be certified that the court below may .proceed to execute -.the sentence of the.law.
.Per .CuriaM. No error.