(After stating the case as above.) There-are numerous exceptions taken to the form of indictment and to the sufficiency of the evidence to sustain its allegations :—
The first count is fatally defective at common law, in that, it fails to charge the injury to have been done to the cow, mischievously or from malice to the owner. State v. Scott, 2 Dev. & Bat. 35; State v. Helmes, 5 Ire. 364; State v. Jackson, 12 Ire. 329. Nor can»it be sustained under the statute for want of an averment that it was “ contrary to the form of the statute.”
There vas no evidence that any cow was injured, belonging to Lee Samuel, and proof of the maltreatment of his ox does not support an allegation of maltreatment of his cow.
The running a heifer out of the field and beating her with sticks, with no proof of ownership, neither sustains the count nor constitutes a criminal offence.
The second count omits to charge an intent to drive the live stock from the range, or to injure the owner, or to impute any other unlawful intent. State v. England, 78 N. C. 552.
The live stock mentioned as the subject of the injury is alleged to be the property of Lee Samuel and others, while the testimony is that the ox belonged to Lee Samuel alone. This is-a fatal variance, not cured by the provisions of Bat. Rev. ch. 33, § 65. This section dispenses with the naming of all but a single owner, and permits, where there are several owners, the others to be designated by the super-*659added words “ and another,” or “and others,” as there may be one or more of them. If there had been two or more owners besides Lee Samuel, the allegation of property would have been sustained ; but the proof of exclusive ownership in Lee Samuel, does not accord with either form of expression. This averment as descriptive of the thing injured,, must be true now as well as before the passage of the act, and the effect of a misdescription is equally fatal. State v. Harper, 64 N. C. 129; State v. Haddock, 2 Hayw. 162.
Lest it may be inferred that we have overlooked or intended to overlook it, we will notice briefly the objection to the quality of words used in describing the subject of the alleged injury: The indictment follows the language of the statute, and usually this is sufficient and proper. But the object of all indictments is to inform the person with what he is charged, as well to enable him to make his defence, as to protect him from another prosecution for the same criminal act. It should therefore be reasonably specific and certain in all its material averments, The term “ live stock ” is of very comprehensive import and includes many kinds of domestic animals, and it seems that the charge should be as specific as the proof adduced in its support must be. It is not always sufficient to pursue the words of the statute. It is made indictable to sell spirituous liquors by less measure than a quart, without license; but an indictment must allege to whom the liquor was sold. State v. Faucett, 4 Dev. & Bat. 107. So at the present term we have held that an indictment under the act of December 20th, 1873, amended by act of March 20th, 1875, must allege to whom the sale was made. State v. Pickens, ante 652. Again suppose the act which makes it larceny' to steal various kinds of growing crops which are particularly mentioned, had instead used the general words “ growing crops,” it can not be doubted that a charge of stealing growing crops without further description 'would have been held insufficient to warrant' a *660judgment upon conviction. We have at this term decided that the word “ meat” in an indictment for larceny was too indefinite. State v. Patrick, ante 655. But it is not necessary ,to decide the point, and it is adverted to with these suggestions to avoid misconception.
Error. Venire de novo. '