None of the facts of this ease as stated by Buxton, J., seem to be in dispute, until we get to the sale by the assignee in bankruptcy of Long. As to that it is admitted that the assignee sold the land claimed in the complaint, and that it was purchased by the original plaintiff, Tilman G-reen, at the price of $600. The plaintiffs contended, that as a matter of fact, the assignee sold with the land certain evidences of debt, which Long held against the defendant and the defendant denied that he did. Upon the facts reported by the referee, Buxton, J., held that only the estate of Long in the land was sold, and not the debts owing to him from the defendant, and for which he held the land as a security. When the case came to this Court by an appeal from the judgment of the Judge, it was ordered that an issue be submitted to a jury whether the the assignee sold and plaintiff purchased the debt as well as the land. Upon the trial of this issue the jury found for the plaintiff; thus finding the fact in question differently from what it had been found by the Judge, and thus materially differentiating the question before us from that which was before the Judge.
The issue was tried before Kerr, X Instructions were asked for by the defendant and exceptions taken to those which the Judge gave to the jury. We consider it unnecessary to examine the exceptions in detail. The instructions asked for, were either immaterial or were given in substance by the Judge. We see no error in the proceedings *346before him. We may now consider the case as it stands ppon the appeal from the judgment of Buxton, J., with the change made by the finding of the,jury.
If a mortgagee assigns the debt secured in the mortgage and does no more, an equitable estate in the mortgaged land passes to the assignee, for the land under mortgage is regarded in equity as a mere appendage to the debt. 1, Jones on Mortgages, § 817.
But if the mortgagee assigns the land without also assigning expressly or impliedly the mortgage debt, as lie may do, the assignee takes the legal estate, but he is a mere naked trustee for whoever may own the debt. This doctrine is founded in reason, for if by the conveyance of the mortgaged land (or other property only) the assignee acquired also the mortgaged debt while the mortagee retained in his possession the notes, bonds, or other evidences of the debts, he could receive payment of them, or assign them fraudulently to an innocent purchaser. It also follows directly from the well settled doctrine that the debt is the principal thing, and the mortgage an incident or appendage only. It is established by many authorities. 1 Jones on Mortgages, §§ 804 to 810 ; Thayer v. Henning, 9 Mo., 280; Johnson v. Cornett, 29 Ind., 59.
As an assignee merely of the mortgaged property, gets nothing of value, very little evidence will suffice to prove an intent to assign also the secured debts. The payment of some value upon such an assignment and the co-temporaneous delivery to the assignee of the evidences of the debt would in the absence of countervailing evidence be conclusive of an intent to assign the debts.
This is the law deduced from the authorities upon an assignment between private individuals. In the case of a sale of mortgaged property by an assignee in bankruptcy of the mortgagee, it must necessarily be understood to be of the debts secured, and of the land only as an inci*347■dent and' appendage to the debts. An assignee in bankruptcy does not take property which is vested in the bankrupt as a naked trustee without any beneficial interest. Bankrupt act, § 14. As he could not take, he could not .sell any such legal estate, and such a sale if professed to be ■made, would be simply void. He had no right to sever the legal estate in the land from the beneficial interest arising from the ownership of the debts. He took the land only as an appendage to the debts, and could sell it only as such.
That he. delivered the evidences of the debts to the purchaser of the land is conclusive proof that the debts were the principal which he sold, and the land passed as an incident. The finding of the jury was fully supported by ■the evidence, and a contrary finding would have been set aside. It is not material that the debts were not scheduled by the bankrupt, formally as such. If they had been omitted altogether, either fraudulently or negligently, they would have passed to his assignee who takes all the property of the bankrupt, except his exemptions. But the land is scheduled as being a security for certain debts, and this was in effect a schedule of the debts ; plainly such was the intent and meaning of the bankrupt.
We think that Tilman Green by his purchase acquired the estate, in the land which the bankrupt Long Trad, and stood in respect to it, in Long’s shoes. His executor is entitled to demand payment of the debts which it was agreed between the defendant and Long that the land should be held as a security for, and upon the payment of such debts', .the defendant is entitled to redeem the land and to have a release from the devisees or heirs of Tilman Green. The $600 which Tilman Green paid was the price of the debts. It is not to be added to the debts.
There does not appear to be any exception to the report of the referee as to the amount of the mortgage debt, but, .as in the view which the Judge took of the case, it was not *348necessary for him to pass on the report, and he did not. The case will be remanded in order that the amount of the debt for which Long held the land as a security and which was sold by his assignee to Tilman Green, may be ascertained.
Judgment reversed, and case remanded for the purpose aforesaid, and that the case may be further proceeded in according to law.
Error. Reversed and remanded.