This is a motion by Myers one of the defendants to remove the action to the Circuit Court of the United States for trial upon the ground of prejudice or local influence, under the act of the 2nd of March, 1867: (Rev. Stat. of U. S., § 639, and 2 Abbott Prac. 39). All the plaintiffs-are citizens and residents of North Carolina, as are all the defendants except Myers who is a citizen and resident of New York. If Myers were the only defendant there would be no objection to granting his motion. We understand it to be settled however by the cases of the Sewing Machine Co., 18 Wall. 553, Vanever v. Bryant, 21 Wall. 41, and Gardner v. Brown, Ib. 36, that if the other defendants are necessary parties to the action without whose presence in Court no full or final determination of the matters in controversy can be made, the defendant Myers is not entitled to have his motion granted. Then, are the other defendants, or any of them such necessary parties ?
*103Eor the intelligible consideration of this question it is necessary to state in a summary way the claims of the parties upon what seem to he the undisputed facts.
Alice Heron being seized in fee of the land in question, made her will and died in 1813. By said will she devised the residue of her land (which included that in question) ■“ to John Waddell and John R. London, and the survivor, •and the executor of such survivor,” in trust for the separate use •of Erances Swann (her grand-daughter) for life, with remainder to her children living at her death, and in default of children living at her death, in trust for the issue of her ohildren, and in default of such issue who arrive at the age of twenty-one, then to her own heirs.
By a subsequent clause of her will the testatrix provided as follows: “ And it is my will that the trustees aforesaid, and the survivor, and the executor of the survivor, in the soundness of their discretion may join with the cestui que use or guardian of cestui que use in making any conveyances of the above property settled as aforesaid as may to them seem proper. ” Of the executors named, London alone qualified. He survived Waddell and died leaving a will by which he made Marsden Campbell and William C. Lord his executors.
On the 12th of February, 1836, a deed professing to be under the power in the will was made by John Swann, and the said Frances his wife, and the said Lord, and the said Campbell by said Lord as his attorney, conveying said land to one Buck under whom defendant Myers claims, and he and those who claim under him have been in possession ever since: There is no evidence other than that appearing in the deed that Lord was the attorney of Campbell.' Lord survived Campbell; the defendants (except Myers) are his heirs, and the plaintiffs are the children or issue of Frances "Swann and also heirs of Alice Heron. Francis Swann died in 1871.
The case came before this Court at June Term, 1876, on *104an appeal by the plaintiffs. 75 N. C. 585. The decision of the Court granted a new.trial. The opinion of the Court,, however, held (10 That the deed to Buck was not a valid execution of the power, for want of execution by Campbell,, and it consequently did not convey a' fee simple. (2) That it did convey the equitable life estate of Francis Swann, and that the possession of Buck and his assignee did not become adverse until her death in 1871. (3.) It expressed a doubt as to whether upon the death of Lord the bare legal estate descended to his heirs (the defendants, excepting; Myers) or reverted to the heirs of Alice Heron. "This question however is merely one of form and of no practical importance, for if there be a trust outstanding for the plaintiffs, the Court will compel the trustees,"whoever they may be, to hold the legal estate for them. It seems sufficiently clear though that by force of § 45 of ch.119 of Bat. Rev. (Wills) by which all devises are construed to be in fee unless otherwise expressed, that Lord took a fee and the legal estate descended to his heirs.
If this Court shall decide that the case can not be removed, it can only be on the ground taken by the plaintiffs, that the defendants (excepting Myers) are trustees and hold the legal estate; which would be to decide that they are trustees for the plaintiffs and bound to convey to them. It is not and can not be contended that the said defendants are trustees for Myers. His claim is and must necessarily be that the legal estate passed to Buck either by the deed of 1836 or by an adverse possession beginning at that time, and is now in him as the assignee of Buck. The only substantial question in the case. is whether the said defendants are trustees. By refusing to remove the case oh the ground that said defendants are trustees, and therefore necessary parties to a full determination of all the matters in controversy, this Court would decide against the defendant the only matter in controversy ; it would refuse to *105him a trial of his claim by a Court which he believes more free from prejudice and local influence than a State Court, because in our opinion he has no legal claim. We are of the opinion that the title of the plaintiffs can be tried and adjudged on the absence of the said defendants who are alleged to he trustees for the plaintiffs, and whose estate if any is a merely nominal one. The plaintiffs claim only an equitable estate, and can under our law recover upon that. They might have joined the nominal defendants with them as plaintiffs, and they may be more naturally arranged on that side. That they have been put on the same side with the defendant Myers with whom they have no community but an opposition of interest, ought not to prejudice his rights. Their interests as faras they have any are with the plaintiffs who claim them as their trustees, and such they are if they have any legal interest at all, and if those defendants had been made nominally plaintiffs as substantially they are, there could be no question as to the right of Myers to remove the case.
We think his motion should be allowed and the case removed to the Circuit Court of the United States and an order will issue to the Superior Court of Columbus to that effect.
Error.
Per Curiam. Judgment reversed.