We can find in the record no sufficient evidence to be submitted to the jury that the deed of trust was made with intent to defraud the creditors of J. W. Parker, therefore the court below was correct in refusing to submit the issue. J. W. Parker, who made the deed of trust, a witness for plaintiffs, testified: “I did not execute this deed of trust intending to perpetrate a fraud on my other creditors.” *457We can see no error in the judgment on the issues as found by the jury. Wallace v. Phillips, 195 N. C., 665; Bank v. Mackorell, 195 N. C., 741.
In Cowan v. Dale, 189 N. C., at p. 686, citing numerous authorities, it is said: “The chattel mortgage did not create a preference within the meaning of C. S., 1611; but the plaintiff asserts that in effect it was an assignment for the benefit of creditors and void because the trustees or mortgagees did not file an inventory as required by section 1610. It has been held that where one who is insolvent makes a mortgage of practically all his property to secure one or more preexisting debts the instrument will be considered an assignment and the result will not be charged by the omission of a small part of his property; but to apply this doctrine it is necessary to show that the grantor was insolvent; that the secured debts were preexisting, and that there were other creditors.”
The court below charged the jury as follows: “And the court instructs you that the words 'solvent’ and 'insolvent’ respectively means 'able’ or ‘unable’ to pay, and whether the word be used to define the condition of a deceased’s estate or the financial status of a living person, its signification is the same; it means inability to meet liabilities after converting all of the property or assets belonging to a person into money at the market price and applying the proceeds with the cash which the party may have, if any, to the payment of debts. Solvency or insolvency depends upon whether the entire assets of a person equal the value of his total indebtedness. If the entire assets of a person equal or exceed his entire debts he is solvent. If his entire assets are less than his entire indebtedness, he is insolvent.”
Plaintiff excepted and assigned error to the above charge. This cannot be sustained. This charge, in substance, is taken from Mining Co. v. Smelting Co., 119 N. C., p. 418, citing numerous authorities, and we see no reason to disturb it. In fact, we repeat what was further said in that ease: “It would prove subversive of settled principles, and would tend to impair credit and embarrass trade, to give our sanction to a definition of an insolvent that would bring within the class of which it is descriptive every person, natural or artificial, who in the course of active business is unable to meet the demands of creditors without borrowing money.”
We do not think the other exceptions and assignments of error made by plaintiffs tenable. We see no prejudicial or reversible error. On the record we find
No error.