(1) Is the description in the conditional sales agreement sufficient for the purpose of identifying the property in question? "We think so. The facts agreed to in regard to the description is as follows: One S. H. coupe No., Model T. (hereafter called the “car”). The-abbreviation of the words “second-hand” is S. H., and the words “Model T” in said agreement refer to a particular type of Ford automobile. The same was purchased from Rouzer Motor Company on 3 May, 1926, by 'William Simpson, being one S. H. coupe No., Model T, and the only automobile owned by William Simpson.
Both plaintiff and defendants cite Stephenson v. R. R., 86 N. C., 455, and we will do the same. The general principle is laid down by Ruffin, J., at pp. 456-7, as follows: “We concur in the view taken by his Honor. While it cannot be expected that a mortgage should set forth a description of the property conveyed with such certainty that it may be.identified by the terms of the instrument alone, and without the aid of evidence aliunde to fit the description to the thing, still it is *374necessary that it should furnish some description of the property accompanied with such certainty as will enable third parties, aided by inquiries which the deed itself suggests, to identify it. This latter has been held sufficient, under the maxim id certum est quod certum reddi potest, and from necessity — it being many times impossible to set out such a description of the thing conveyed, as would in itself be absolutely certain and complete. But a less degree of certainty will not suffice, and especially under our registry laws, the fundamental policy of which is to give such notice to third parties as will enable them to deal securely with reference to the property conveyed in mortgage.”
In Spivey v. Grant, 96 N. C., at p. 223-4, it is said: “The possession of a single horse, and none others by the vendor in a conveyance of a horse, without more specific description, sufficiently points out and designates the animal to transfer property to the vendee. In Sharp v. Pearce, 74 N. C., 600, the conveyance was of ‘one horse,’ and this was recognized as a sufficient identification.” Alston v. Savage, 173 N. C., 213; see Atkinson v. Graves, 91 N. C., 99.
11 C. J. (Chattel Mortgages), sec. 8Í, p. 461, makes the following: observations: “The scarcity or plentitude of chattels similar to those mortgaged is an element to be considered in determining the sufficiency of the description of the chattels covered by the mortgage, and the nonexistence of other property to which the terms of the mortgage could apply frequently renders valid a description in a mortgage which otherwise would be too indefinite.”
(2) Do the improvements or repairs placed on said car become the property of the defendants under the terms of their duly registered agreement, and also by the doctrine of accession? "We think so.
It is a general rule of law that if the materials of one person are united to the materials of another by labor, forming a joint product, the owner of the principal materials will acquire the right of property in the whole by right of accession. Pulcifer v. Page, 32 Me., 404, 405, 54 Am. Dec., 582.” 1 Words and Phrases Judicially Defined, p. 59.
In Gregory v. Stryker, 2 Denio (N. Y.), at p. 630, speaking to the subject, it is said: “But it is equally clear, as a general proposition, that where the owner of a damaged or worn out article delivers it to another person to be repaired and renovated by the labor and materials of the-latter, the property in the article, as thus repaired and improved, is all along in the original owner, for whom the repairs were made, and not in the person making them.” Comins v. Newton, 10 Allen (Mass.), 518; Southworth v. Isham, 5 N. Y. Sup., 448.
C. S., 2435, in part, is as follows: “Any mechanic or artisan wlm makes, alters or repairs any article of personal property at the request of the owner or legal possessor of such property has a lien on such prop*375erty so made, altered or repaired for bis just and reasonable charge for bis work done and material furnished, and may bold and retain possession of same until such just and reasonable charges are paid,” etc. Where the vendor of an automobile takes a purchase-money mortgage and transfers the possession to the vendee, it is with the implied authority in the vendee that he may use the machine and keep it in such reasonable and just repair as the use will require; and where, at his instance, a mechanic has repaired the same, his reasonable charge for such repairs creates a lien on the automobile, retained in his possession, superior to that of the vendor’s mortgage. Johnson v. Yates, 183 N. C., 24, 11 S. E., 630; Sales Co. v. White, 183 N. C., 671.
Under this section: The lien on personal property given by this section applies when possession is retained by the mechanic. Glazener v. Gloucester Lumber Co., 167 N. C., 676, 83 S. E., 696. If the mechanic or artisan surrenders possession of the property, he loses his lien. Tedder v. R. R., 124 N. C., 342, 32 S. E., 714.
The conditional sales agreement made by William Simpson distinctly says, “The conditions of this agreement are, that delivery of the car by seller to purchaser does not pass title thereto, hut hoth the car and all additions and improvements thereto, and the title thereto shall not pass by such delivery, but are and shall remain vested in and be the property of the seller and assigns (any extension or assignment of said notes shall not waive this or any other condition herein contained) until said notes, or any renewals thereof, evidencing said installments or purchase price, and all interest thereon, are paid in full.”
In Bank v. Pearson, 186 N. C., at p. 613, the following principle is laid down: “On the third objection it is the approved principle in this jurisdiction that a mortgage will be held to extend to and include after-acquired property 'when it so states in express terms, or it clearly appears from the language used that such was its manifest intention.’ Lumber Co., v. Lumber Co., 150 N. C., 282; Dry Kiln Co. v. Ellington, 172 N. C., 481-484.” Hamlin v. Jerrard, 72 Me., 62.
Plaintiff had the- possession of the car upon which defendants had a lien properly registered when it installed in the car a new engine or motor to replace the old one. It relinquished possession and thereby relinquished its lien for the repairs. It then took a conditional sale note purporting to be for the purchase price, of “one Ford coupe automobile, engine No. 14860614.” At the same time the plaintiff had the said William Simpson to execute a chattel mortgage on “one Ford coupe automobile, motor No. 14860614,” both of which instruments were duly recorded in Forsyth County.
The authorities are conflicting in other jurisdictions. The lien of defendants is superior to that of plaintiff. The judgment below is
Affirmed.