In this Court the defendant asked leave to “demur ore tenus to the complaint filed by the plaintiff, in that by a reference to the said consent judgment, it will be noticed that the plaintiff, E. N. Smith, agreed to do certain things in consideration of the stipulations agreed to by defendant, Nannie L. Smith, and the complaint does mot allege in any manner that the plaintiff, E. N. Smith, was ready, able and willing to perform his part of the said consent judgment.”
Connor, J., in Horney v. Mills, 189 N. C., 727, lays down the rule as follows: “ 'When a complaint does not state a cause of action, the defect is not waived by answering, and defendant may demur ore tenus, and the Supreme Court may take notice of the insufficiency, ex mero motuf Garrison v. Williams, 150 N. C., 674. Upon this contention it is immaterial whether the answer filed is sufficient or not. The demurrer ore tenas, admits the truth of the facts alleged in the complaint. Hayman v. Davis, 182 N. C., 563. If the facts alleged in the complaint, admitted to be true, upon consideration of the demurrer, and construed liberally, with every reasonable intendment and presumption in favor of plaintiff, constitute a cause of action, in favor of plaintiff and against defendant, the demurrer must be overruled; otherwise the demurrer must be sustained.” The present contract is set out and made a part of the complaint. The construction is a matter of law for the Court. Snipes v. Monds, ante, p. 191.
Defendant’s position is that the covenants in the judgment were dependent ; and the contract an entire one. Plaintiff contends the covenants were independent, divisible and severable.
The parties to this action admit, in reference to the clause of the judgment under consideration, that in the Bank of Stokes County was *767deposited $2,000 to tbeir joint credit. Tbe agreement specifically says that “one-half is hereby declared the property of the plaintiff, R. N. Smith.”
Under the law of this jurisdiction, nothing else appearing, the money to the joint credit in the bank belonged equally to plaintiff and defendant. In Turlington v. Lucas, 186 N. C., p. 290, it was held: “Where there is no evidence that there was an intention of a gift, on which many of the decisions are based, the fundamental of equal rights should prevail, and a division of equal shares adjudged.”. The right of survivor-ship recognized as now existing between husband and wife as to lands held by them in entirety, does not apply to personal property so held.
Defendant had no right to withdraw the $1,000 on deposit belonging to plaintiff. It was his money and the judgment she signed and agreed to declared the one-half of the $2,000 to be the property of plaintiff. In another clause of the judgment, it was agreed: “That if, at any time, the defendant Nannie L. Smith, desires to sell any of her separate land that the said R. N. Smith will execute a deed covering same, upon request of the defendant,” etc. She testified: “I didn’t pay the $1,000 as indicated in the agreement. The reason I didn’t pay it, I did not have anything to pay it with. Another reason was 'he refused to sign my deeds. After he refused to sign the deeds I considered he broke the judgment and agreement.” The agreement was broken when she took his money out of the bant — she cannot now take advantage of the wrong and ask a dismissal of the action because plaintiff did not allege that he was ready, able and willing to perform the part of the contract in reference to signing the deeds.
Plaintiff, after defendant had broken her covenant, testified: “I declined to sign any deed she sent over there until she made some preparations to pay the $1,000, and if she had done that, I would have signed any of them.”
The deposit in the bank of $2,000 in the name of both, $1,000 belonged to plaintiff and the judgment declared it to be the property of plaintiff. The defendant might have waited for years before she sold any land and called upon plaintiff to make deeds. Can it be contended that the money under the agreement should stay in the bank until all the land was sold? She may have held the land and never sold it. Under the facts and circumstances of this ease, we do not think the covenants of the judgment dependent. We think the court below was correct in the charge. All the other provisions of the judgment contract were executed. The above provisions were the only ones executory.
In Allemong v. Augusta Nat. Bank, 103 Va., Rep., p. 248, Whittle, J., says: “This Court has said: ‘Perhaps there is no other branch of the law in which is to be found a larger number of decisions or a greater *768apparent conflict of authorities than that in wbicb the effort has been made to define the dependence and independence of covenants, and to designate the class to which any given case in dispute is to be referred. The great effort, however, in the more recent decisions has been to discard, as far as possible, all rules of construction founded on nice and artificial reasoning, and to make the meaning and intention of the parties, collected from all parts of the instrument, rather than from a few technical expressions, the guide in determining the character and force of their respective .undertakings.’ Per Daniel, J., in Roach v. Dickinson, 9 Gratt., 154. ‘Courts construe agreements so as to prevent a failure of justice, and hold dependent covenants to be independent when the necessity of the case and the ends of justice require it, notwithstanding the form,’ ” citing cases. Flour Mills v. Distributing Co., 171 N. C., p. 708.
Defendant’s demurrer ore terms cannot be sustained. We can find
No error.