The sole question presented is, whether electric power furnished by the plaintiff, the town of Cornelius, for a rock crusher and cable cars is “material or labor” or both, within the terms of the bond signed by the National Surety Company in behalf of Lampton & Burks on a highway job near Charlotte, the wording of the said bond being *718as follows: “And shall well and truly pay all and every person furnishing- material or performing labor in and about the construction of said roadway all and every sum or sums of money due him, them, or any of them for all such labor and materials for which the contractor is liable.”
We are not construing a lien statute, but a contract. It will be noted that the contract is elastic, it covers “furnishing material or performing labor in and about the construction of said roadway.” There is no dispute that crushed rock is material and covered by the contract. If the crushed rock for the roadway was purchased outright, we would have no controversy. Its value would be determined by the rock and cost of crushing it. To build the roadway, under the contract for which the bond is given, the rock varies in size from very fine gravel to about two-inch rock. It is necessary that this kind of rock be used under the contract in the construction of the roadbed. Instead of buying this rock crushed for the roadway, it can be presumed that the contractor, to get the crushed rock cheaper would use all reasonable means to do it themselves, probably making a less liability on the Surety Company. The contractors purchased the rock and removed it from the quarry about 75 yards distant to the rock crusher, which crushed it. Instead of using manual labor, the rock material and manual labor undoubtedly coming under the very language of the contract, the contractors substituted for manual labor electric power. This power was used to operate the rock crusher and crush the rock and operate the cable cars to carry the rock from the quarry to the crusher. The crushed rock was then hauled in motor trucks to the roadway. The crushed rock is material, and the electric current or power is substituted for labor — the liability of the Surety Company for manual labor cannot be disputed, and the man-power is exchanged for electric power. The liability of the bond is not increased by the exchange one for the other, and a just interpretation of the contract to furnish material or perform labor in and about the construction of the roadway would include the electric power and current. In the progress of the age, the substitution of electric power for manual labor is taking place in every conceivable way. It was only a few decades past that most of the rock for public roads was crushed by manual labor. Contracts are not scraps of paper to be lightly treated, but should be carefully construed and kept by all parties, and we think the position taken here a correct and reasonable interpretation without any injustice to the Surety Company. The plaintiffs’ charge for power, under the facts and circumstances of this case, we think, is included in the contract of the Surety Company.
In Coal Co. v. Electric Light Co., 118 N. C., p. 236, (under a statute) it was held: “There is no- contention that the terms of the act *719do not include tbe fireman wbo shoveled the coal into the furnace. And, if it includes him, why should it not include the man who furnished the coal ? One was as necessary to the operation of the concern as the other. And that was certainly one of the objects in view in passing the enactment. We must conclude that coal, which was necessary to run the concern, is embraced within the terms 'material furnished.’ ”
The case of Scheflow v. Pierce (and the National Surety Co. same defendant as in present case), 176 N. C., p. 93, was under a statute, but the Court in that ease said: “It would be strange if the plaintiff, who did practically all the work on the job, should not have recourse to the bond for the amount due him, solely because he did the worlc with a machine instead of with his own hands or by hiring laborers to worlc with their hands.”
We do not think the power furnished to operate the rock crusher and cable cars comes under what defendants in their brief term “instru-mentalities” or “tools,” under the facts here. The power furnished by plaintiff is an integral part of the work. We would say that the “rock crusher” and “cable cars” were .instrumentalities and not included in the contract.
In Brogan v. National Surety Co., 246 U. S., p. 257 (62 Law Ed. 703), the Court said: (p. 260) “The supplies furnished by Brogan under these circumstances were clearly used in the prosecution of the work, just as supplies furnished for the soldier’s mess are used in the prosecution of war. In each case the relation of food to the work in hand is proximate. . . . (p. 262) As shown by these cases, the act and the bonds given under it must be construed liberally for the protection' of those who furnish labor or materials in the prosecution of public work. . . . (p. 263) But here, according to the undisputed facts and the findings of the trial court, the furnishing of board by the contractor was an integral part of the work and necessarily involved in it. Like the supplying of coal to operate engines and dredges, it was indispensable to the prosecution of the work, and it was used exclusively in the performance of the work. Groceries furnished to a contractor under such circumstances and consumed by the laborers are materials supplied and used in the prosecution of the public work.”
A wealth of authorities of counsel on both sides are collected and set forth in the above case as reported in 62 Law Ed.
The authorities are in conflict, but the great weight, we think, are in conformity with the position we take here.
For the reasons given, the judgment in the court below is
Affirmed.