The property in controversy, a certain lot in the town of Greenville, N. C., or its proceeds, is subject to disposition according to the provisions of a certain deed, in terms as follows:
“Know all men by these presents, that I, Edward C. Yellowly of Pitt County, North Carolina, for and in consideration of the sum of $1 to me *781in band paid, dotb bargain, sell, alien, and convey to Pen'elope E. Dancy, wife of George A. Dancy, a certain piece or parcel of land in plan of said town as Lot No. 92, whereon she now lives, for and during the period of her natural life, with remainder over after the expiration .of her said life estate to the children now or that are hereafter born of the intermarriage of the said George A. Dancy and Penelope, and the lawful descendants of said children, their heirs and assigns, that are, living at her death.
“To have and to hold the said premises, with all and singular the privileges, rights, appurtenances, and improvements thereto belonging, to the said Penelope E. Dancy for and during the term of her natural life and to the said children and their descendants in manner as aforesaid, and their heirs and assigns, in fee simple forever.”
Penélope, the life tenant, died in 1916, and the facts and circumstances pertinent to the operation and proper construction of the deed are very well epitomized in the brief of counsel as follows:
The children living at the execution of the deed:
(1) Josephine Dancy, wife of D. Y. N. Seawell; (2) Melissa Nelson, wife of IT. E. Nelson; (3) Lula Oleves, wife of L. E. Oleves; (4) Joseph Dancy; (5) George E. Dancy; (6) Elizabeth Dancey; '(7) William 0. Dancy; (8) Frank Dancy.
Children and descendants of dead child living at the-death of Penelope:
(1) Josephine Seawell, (2) Joseph J. Dancy, (3) Elizabeth K. Goodwin, (4) William 0. Dancy, (5) Charles O’Hagan Dancy, son of George Dancy, deceased.
Status of parties from 1869 to death of Penelope in 1916:
Josephine, now living; has one child. In 1897 conveyed her interest to James B. Cherry.
Joseph, now living; has two children. In 1886 conveyed his interest to James B. Cherry.
Elizabeth, now living, and has made no conveyance.
William C., now living; has three children. In 1888 conveyed his interest to Oscar Hooker. In 1912 conveyed his supposed interest, because of the death of his sister Melissa, to R. W. King.
Georgo Dancy, died in 1886. He conveyed his share to Oscar-Hooker.
After the death of the life tenant, George Dancy’s son and “descendant,” diaries O’Hagan Dancy, conveyed his interest as such “descendant” to Harry Whedbee and R. W. King equally.
Melissa is dead. She left no children and made no conveyance.
Lula Oleves died in 1906, leaving no issue. She undertook to convey her supposed interest to Harry Skinner.
*782Frank Dancey died in 1907, leaving no issue. He undertook to convey bis supposed interest to Oscar Hooker.
E. G. James’s wife is tbe beir at law of James B. Oberry, and Harry W. Whedbee is the purchaser of one-balf of tbe interest belonging to Charles O’Hagan Dancy, son of George, who predeceased bis mother, Penelope.
Upon these tbe facts and conditions chiefly relevant to the questions presented, we are of opinion that there was error in tbe judgment of tbe court to tbe effect that tbe deed, at tbe time of its execution, conveyed to the remaindermen therein a vested interest and making division of tbe property on that basis. If tbe instrument in its granting clause bad omitted tbe words, “that are living at her death,” tbe ruling of bis Honor would have been in accord with our decisions, Harris v. Russell, 124 N. C., 547; Pollard v. Pollard, 83 N. C., 97; Brinson v. Wharton, 43 N. C., 80; Rives v. Frizzle, 43 N. C., 237; but tbe addition of these words just after the estate in remainder, “to tbe children now or that may hereafter be born of tbe intermarriage of tbe said George A. Dancy and Penelope and tbe lawful descendants of said children, their heirs and assigns,” and qualifying both tbe words “children and their descendants,” renders tbe interest a contingent one and requires that tbe rightful claimants should be living and answer tbe description at tbe death of the life tenant. Vinson v. Wise, 159 N. C., 653; Latham v. Lumber Co., 139 N. C., 9; Bowen v. Hackney, 136 N. C., 187; Whitesides v. Cooper, 115 N. C., 570; Watson v. Smith, 110 N. C., 6; Irvin v. Clark, 98 N. C., 437.
It is contended for some of the appellants, children of the grantees in remainder who are now living, and were at tbe death of tbe life tenant, that they properly come within tbe meaning of the term “descendants” as used in the deed, and should be allowed a proportionate share of the property; but, on the record and facts in evidence, the position cannot be sustained. The primary and linguistic definition of descendants refers to the lineal issue or heirs of a dead and not a living parent or ancestor, and, when the term is used in reference to tenure of property and without anything to change or modify the ordinary meaning, authority is to the effect that it refers to persons upon whom the law has cast the property by descent, and includes only the lineal issue of a deceased ancestor. Parish v. Mills, 101 Texas, 276; Dixon v. Pendleton, 90 S. C., 8; Rembert v. Vetoe, 89 S. C., 198; Duncan v. Clark, 90 S. E., Current No. 3, p. 180.
There is not only nothing here to qualify the ordinary meaning of the word, but the evident purpose of the parties and the language of the instrument clearly refers to the property in reference to descent cast, and being to “descendants” as a class, these and other eases seem *783to bold that the statute of descents should be resorted to for the purpose of ascertaining the interest to which the descendants are entitled, that is, whether they take per stirpes or per capita.
This question is not further pursued for reason that in the present instance there is only one living descendant of a deceased parent, to wit, Charles O’Hagan Dancy, and his interest is therefore the same whether he takes in one view or the other. So far as the record discloses, the claimants, under conveyances from the children, remaindermen who were living at the death of the life tenant, and from Charles O’Hagan Dancy, the only living descendant of a deceased child, are entitled to hold according to the tenor of their deeds, for, although by reason of the contingency, the estate they undertook to convey may not have been a transmissible interest at the time the deeds were executed, our decisions-hold that on the happening of the contingency the estate of the grantors, by proper conveyances, would pass by way of estoppel or rebutter. Buchanan v. Harrington, 141 N. C., 39; Foster v. Hachett, 112 N. C., 546; Watson v. Smith, 110 N. C., 6.
Applying these principles to the facts in evidence and as agreed upon by the parties, it follows that Oscar E. Hooker is the owner of one-fifth interest in the property as grantee of W. C. Dancy; that Mangie James is the owner of two-fifths interest as the heir at law of James B. Cherry, grantee of Joseph and Josephine Dancy; that Elizabeth Goodwin is owner of one-fifth interest; that Harry Whedbee and Mattie E. King are each entitled to one-tenth interest as grantees of Charles O’Hagan Dancy, the grandchild and only living descendant of a deceased child.
This will be certified, that judgment may be entered according to this opinion.
Reversed.