On the trial the question of liability between these parties was made to depend upon whether the cotton had been received and held by defendant company under a contract of shipment or whether it had been left on defendant’s platform with a view of being shipped at a later date. Under the charge of his Honor, the issue was submitted to the jury as a question of fact. They have accepted plaintiff’s version of the transaction, and we find no reason for disturbing the result.
The evidence of plaintiff tended to show that the cotton had been left on defendant’s platform and was received and held by defendant under a contract of shipment, but the witness stated that no bill of lading had been issued by the company at the time; that the company’s agent gave the witness who acted for plaintiff in the matter two tags with plaintiff’s name on them, with instructions to put same on the bales, and it was chiefly urged for error that since the Carmack Amendment and rules of Interstate Commerce Commission applicable there could be no valid contract by a common carrier for interstate shipment without the issuance of a written bill of lading; but the position is without merit.
While a bill of lading is the usual evidence of a contract of shipment with a common carrier by rail, and such carrier is usually required to issue one on demand, it has never been considered an .essential of such a contract. Berry v. R. R., 122 N. C., 1002; 1 Hutchison on Carriers (3 Ed.), sec. 152; 6 Cyc., pp. 416-417.
In Hutchison it is said: “No receipt or bill of lading or writing of any kind is required to subject the common carrier to the duties and responsibilities of an insurer of goods. As soon as they are delivered to him for present carriage, and nothing necessary to their being forwarded remains to be done by the owner, the law imposes upon him all the risks of their safe custody as well as the duty to carry as directed,” etc. And, *211in tbe citation to Cyc., supra, p. 417: “An instrument issued by tbe carrier to tbe consignor, consisting of a receipt for tbe goods and an agreement to carry them from tbe place of shipment to tbe place of destination, is a bill of lading. Of course, it is not essential tbat a bill of lading be issued, for, in tbe 'absence, of any sucb instrument, tbe rights of tbe shipper and tbe duties of tbe carrier are to be determined by tbe common law.” Tbe act of Congress amending section 20, Interstate Commerce Act, approved 29 June, 1906, and appearing in 34 IT. S. Statutes, cb. 3591, see. 7, was enacted chiefly for tbe purpose of imposing on tbe initial carrier responsibility for tbe entire carriage of an interstate shipment, and while it requires tbe issuance of a bill of lading in evidence of such contract and responsibility, there is nothing inhib-itive in its terms or purpose. Tbe requirement for a bill of lading is imposed primarily for tbe benefit of tbe shipper, and, in our opinion, it does not and was not intended to relieve tbe carrier from liability who may have entered into a contract of shipment without it. A position not dissimilar has been approved and applied with us in several cases against insurance companies where a policy issued in violation of some requirement, established for tbe protection of tbe policyholder only, was held a binding obligation on the company, and recovery thereon was sustained. Morgan v. Fraternal Assn., 170 N. C., pp. 75 and 80; Robinson v. Life Ins. Co., 163 N. C., 415.
We find no error in the record, and’ tbe judgment for plaintiff is affirmed.
No error.