This case was here on a former appeal of defendants from a verdict and judgment in favor of-plaintiff, and a new trial was granted because the court below had improperly allowed an amendment to complaint material to the relief sought and used to defendant’s prejudice after the evidence was all in and counsel for plaintiff was addressing the jury and when there had been no testimony offered in support of the additional allegations. See case reported in 165 N. C., pp. 578 and *492581. In tbe opinion, delivered by Associate Justice Brown, it was beld that the warrant of the justice of the peace, sued out at the instance of the individual defendant, Fuller, and under which plaintiff was arrested; tried and imprisoned, was void on its face, and afforded no protection to said Fuller, and the case was sent back to be tried again on the issue principally whether the defendant company had authorized the suing out the warrant or had ratified the same. See opinion, p. 582.
This opinion having been certified down, another trial was had, and, on verdict and judgment in plaintiff’s favor against both defendants, the present appeal is prosecuted.
It was chiefly urged before us that the case against the company should have been nonsuited because there was no evidence to fix responsibility on the company for the acts of the individual defendant, on the authority of Daniel v. R. R., 136 N. C., 517, and cases of like purport. In that well considered opinion by Associate Justice Walker it was held that the cashier of a local railroad office had no implied authority from the company to sue out a warrant and cause the arrest of one suspected of stealing money from the office of the company, and there being no evidence of express authority or of ratification, a recovery against the company was denied; but that case bears very little or no resemblance to the facts presented on this record, the evidence on the part of plaintiff tending as it does to show: “That the defendant Fuller was shop superintendent of the railroad and had authority over the railroad property — shop, yards, the men at work — and had charge of everything around there. He was with the company when witness began to work first, and was in charge of everything.” And, further, when plaintiff was taken by Fuller before the justice of the peace, “there were present two private officers of the railroad company, men employed by the company to look after the property, catch hoboes and trespassers for stealing. They had been arresting people who had trespassed or stolen, and doing this ever since witness had been there.” These men assisted at the prosecution of plaintiff before the justice, and one of them took him to jail. Here was ample evidence that both Fuller and these assistants were acting within the course and scope of the authority vested in them by the company, and, if accepted by the jury, justified fixing on the company responsibility for their acts. Cooper v. R. R., 165, supra, and Sawyer v. R. R., 142 N. C., 1.
And the same answer may be made to defendant’s exception that the court refused to charge, as requested, that the company could not be made responsible unless they expressly authorized the particular act complained of, namely, swearing out this warrant, etc. In Sawyer’s case the principle applicable is correctly stated as follows:
“1. Private corporations are liable for their torts committed under such circumstances as would attach liability to natural persons. That *493tbe conduct complained of necessarily involved malice, or was beyond the scope of corporate authority, constitutes no defense to their liability.
“2. Where the question -of fixing responsibility on corporations by reason of the tortious acts of their servants depends exclusively on the relationship of master and servant, the test of responsibility is whether the injury was committed by authority of the master, expressly conferred or .fairly implied from the nature of the employment or the duties incident to it.”
And in the opinion the Court quotes with approval from Wood on Master and Servant, sec. 307, as follows: “The simple test is whether they were acts within the scope of his employment; not whether they were done while prosecuting the master’s business, but whether they were done by the servant in furtherance thereof and were such as may fairly be said to have been unauthorized by him. By 'authorized’ is not meant aiithority expressly conferred, but whether the act is such as was incident to the performance of the duties entrusted to him by the master, even though in opposition to his express and positive orders.”
Tinder this well recognized principle it was not necessary, • therefore, to show “express authority for the particular act,” as the evidence of plaintiff, which has been accepted by the jury, was amply sufficient to establish that the acts complained of were well within the scope of the authority of Fuller and his assistants.
It was further objected that the conversation of one of the detectives, when taking plaintiff to the jail, having some tendency to show malice, was received in evidence. This was a declaration while the declarant was engaged in the very act complained of, and, under our decisions, was properly admissible as part of the res gestee. Stanford v. Grocery Co., 143 N. C., 425; Merrell v. Dudley, 139 N. C., 57.
In MerrelTs case it was held: “In an action for malicious prosecution, the declarations of defendant at the time he sued out the warrant of arrest, and accompanying that act, are competent as part of the res gestee,” etc.
Again, it was urged for error that the evidence of a witness, Mrs. Pickett, examined as such at the former trial, and since deceased, was received in evidence and put before the jury through the official copies of the notes of the court stenographer, taken and written out in the course of her duty. The objection, as made on the argument, is hardly open to the defendant, as the record shows defendant only excepted “to the competency of the dead witness’s evidence,” and not to the form in which it was presented. In that aspect the evidence, purporting to be the entire testimony of the witness as it was given at the former trial, was clearly admissible. Grant v. Mitchell, 156 N. C., pp. 15 and 18; Wright v. Stowe, 49 N. C., 516. But in respect to the form, the notes taken and copied by the stenographer in the course of her official duty *494and spoken to in ber testimony as tbe evidence of Mrs. Pickett, tbe deceased witness, as delivered at tbe former trial, was properly received, and, in our opinion, wa.s a very satisfactory form in wbicb tbe evidence of a deceased witness may be presented. In some jurisdictions tbe admissibility of tbe official notes of a court stenographer is provided for by statute; but, in tbe absence of any statute, where such notes and copies thereof are properly authenticated, that -is, identified and testified to as containing a correct statement of tbe deceased witness, and substantially bis entire testimony, tbe notes or copies thereof may properly be received.
Tbe position and tbe principles upon which it rests have been recognized in several decisions of this State, and well considered authority elsewhere is in full support of bis Honor’s ruling. Carpenter v. Tucker, 98 N. C., pp. 316-319; Ashe v. DeRossett, 50 N. C., 299; Jones v. Ward, 48 N. C., 24; 1 Elliott on Evidence, sec. 515; McKelway on Evidence (2 Ed.), p. 293; 16 Cyc., p. 1108.
Speaking to tbe subject in Elliott on Evidence, sec. 515, tbe author quotes with approval from a well considered case as follows: “Tbe real objection to such evidence (that is, tbe testimony of a witness on a former trial) is that it is only tbe testimony of some one else as to what tbe witness swore to on a former trial; and before tbe day of official reporters in our trial courts tbe accuracy or completeness of such evidence depended entirely upon tbe fallible memory of those who beard tbe witness testify. It can be readily seen why, under such circumstances, courts were disinclined to admit such evidence except in cases of actual necessity. But where tbe words of a witness as they come from bis lips are taken down in full by an official court stenographer this objection does not apply. We do not see why such testimony is not as satisfactory and reliable as a new deposition taken out of tbe State would be. Rules on such subjects should be practical, and subject to modification as conditions change.” Minneapolis Mill Co. v. R. R., 51 Minn., 304, 314.
On careful examination of tbe record, we find no error giving defendants or either of them any just ground of complaint, and tbe judgment for plaintiff is affirmed.
No error.