Tbis is an action brought by tbe plaintiff in ber maiden name for tbe annulment of ber marriage to tbe defendant upon tbe ground tbat it was void because tbe defendant at tbe time of tbe ceremony bad a living wife.
Tbis is not technically an action for divorce, though in a general way it comes under tbat beading to tbe extent tbat alimony pendente lite may be allowed. Lea v. Lea, 104 N. C., 603. We must deny tbe motion made by tbe defendant to dismiss for failure to give the affidavit required by section 1563, for tbat applies strictly to divorces, for tbe requirement tbat tbe facts must “have existed to tbe plaintiff’s knowledge at least six months prior to tbe filing of tbe complaint,” and tbat on “failure to file a petition for divorce within ninety dayte after tbe expiration of tbat time” tbe plaintiff shall forfeit tbe right of action, is intended to prevent hasty action for divorce and to give tbe parties opportunity for reconciliation and to prevent bad faith and collusion. Holloman v. Holloman, 127 N. C., 15; Nichols v. Nichols, 128 N. C., 108. Those reasons do not apply to a void marriage.
*40It is true tbat -such action for annulment and declaring a marriage void ab initio under Revisal, 1560, comes under tbe general bead of divorce in Tbe Code, cb. 31, and is so styled in Johnson v. Kincade, 37 N. C., 470; yet it bas broad features of difference from tbe general action of divorce wbicb, technically speaking, is based upon a valid marriage.
In tbis case, tbe g-round for annulment is tbe allegation tbat tbe defendant at tbe date of bis marriage to tbe plaintiff in December, 1910, was tbe busband of one Georgia A. White. Tbe judgment roll of tbe Superior Court of Edgecombe County at September Term, 1911, was placed in evidence, showing tbat “in a properly constituted action between said N. D. White and bis alleged former wife, Georgia A. White, upon issues submitted to tbe jury, it was found tbat said N. D. White bad been compelled to marry tbe defendant Georgia A. White against bis will; tbat said marriage -was void, and tbat be bad never lived witll her as her busband after said alleged marriage,” and thereupon judgment was entered tbat—
Tbe marriage ceremony performed by wbicb N. D. White and Georgia A.. White were declared man and wife is, and was, absolutely void, and tbat said bonds of matrimony are hereby annulled and declared null and void ab initio.
G. W. Wakd,
Judge Presiding.
It is true tbat said decree was entered subsequently to tbe marriage of N. D. White to tbis plaintiff, but as tbe decree decides, and cannot be controverted, there was never any valid marriage between N. D. White and Georgia A. White, and be was a single man at tbe time of bis marriage to tbis plaintiff. While tbis plaintiff was not a party to tbat action, tbe decree declaring tbe status of tbe parties to tbat action is conclusive unless impeached by a direct proceeding, for fraud or collusion.
“All marriages procured by force or fraud, or involving palpable error, are void, for here tbe element of mutual consent is wanting, so essential to every contract. Tbe law treats a matrimonial union of this kind1 as absolutely void ab initio and permits its validity to be questioned in any court at tbe option, *41however, of the injured party.” Schouler Dom. Eel. (3 Ed.), 38. The marriage between the defendant and Georgia A. White being void, he was free to marry the plaintiff, for “a void marriage imposes no legal restraint upon the party imposed upon from contracting another.” Patterson v. Gaines, 6 How. (U. S.), 591.
. Though the decree of annulment of defendant’s first marriage was rendered after his marriage to the plaintiff, he had always treated the first marriage as void, and the decree declared it void ab initio. Though it was voidable and not void, he did not. ratify it, and it was therefore void ab initio1 by the decree. “A marriage is voidable on the ground of fraud, duress, or error, and not absolutely void; but it is voidable by the acts of the party without the necessity of a decree of nullity.” Tiffany Dom. Eel., 14, 35.
“A decree annulling a marriage is final and conclusive and not open to collateral impeachment, although it may be vacated or set aside for good cause on proper application. Its effect is to make the supposed or pretended marriage as if it had never existed, and hence it restores both parties to their former status and to all rights of property as before the marriage. Hence, also, its effect is to make any children of the marriage illegitimate unless their legitimacy is saved by a statute, as is now the case in several States.” 26 Cyc., 920. Such is the case in this State. Revisal, 1569; Setzer v. Setzer, 97 N. C., 252; Sims v. Sims, 121 N. C., 297.
The position of the plaintiff is inconsistent. She asks to have her own marriage declared void ab initio, but wishes to deny that effect to a decree of the court declaring her husband’s marriage to Georgia A. White also void ab initio. It is true that her ground is the allegation that her husband was incapacitated to marry by reason of an existing marriage, but the ground of the decree obtained by him is that he never entered into the marriage, having been forced into it by duress. In neither case was there a valid marriage, if the allegations were found to be true. The subsequent assent of the husband would have made his voidable marriage valid; but as that was not given, it was void ab initio, and imposed no obligation on him.
*42The alleged marriage of the defendant with Georgia A. White not being ratified by him, was never a de facto marriage, as plaintiff’s attorneys claim, while that-of the plaintiff and defendant was a de facto marriage, if that term can be applied to a marriage at all.
There was no legal impediment on defendant at the time of his marriage to plaintiff, and their marriage is valid.
Error.