Hayes v. Franklin, 141 N.C. 599 (1906)

May 25, 1906 · Supreme Court of North Carolina

141 N.C. 599

HAYES v. FRANKLIN.

(Filed May 25, 1906).

Religious Societies — Trusts—Construction—Lease of Property — Injunctions.

1. Where land was conveyed to the officers and members of a church for the purpose of keeping and maintaining a church for worship and all privileges and appurtenances thereto belonging, the court will not restrain the officers of the church from leasing a small portion of the lot for a term of years for erecting a store, the rent payable to said officers, on the ground that the officers are committing a breach of trust and acting contrary to the terms of the deed.

2. A specific trust will not be superimposed upon a title conveyed to a religious congregation, authorizing the courts to interfere and control their management and disposition of the property, unless this is the clear intent of the grantor expressed in language Which should be construed as imperative.

AcxiON by J. Taylor Hayes against James Franklin and others, heard by Judge O. H. Allen and a jury, at the Fall Term, 1905, of the Superior Court of Caldwell.

The plaintiff alleged and offered evidence tending to show that on December 29, 1904, plaintiff conveyed to the officers and members of Wilson Creek Baptist Church, in Caldwell County, N. C., and their successors, one-half acre of land, more or less, with definite description, the deed containing the following: “To have and to hold the aforesaid tract for the purpose of keeping and maintaining a church for worship and all privileges and appurtenances thereto belonging, to the said officers and members of Wilson Creek Baptist Church, their successors and assigns and their only use and behoof.” That on June 17, the grantees in this deed, the officers and trustees of said church, pursuant to a determination of the congregation in a business meeting, had drawn up and are about to deliver to L. IT. and S. E. Weld, two of the defendants, a lease of a small portion of this lot for the term of five years for the purpose of erecting a store, the rent payable in advance by monthly payments to the officers of said church.

In said lease appears the following covenant: “The said parties of the second part (the Welds) doth agree to conduct and carry on their mercantile business in such a manner as not to bring reproach upon said church; and further agree to close their store during church services on Saturday and never open it on Sunday except in case of sickness, and then, only long enough to deliver medicine to the parties,” etc.

Plaintiff, being a member in good standing in Wilson Creek Church, instituted this action, seeking to restrain the defendants from carrying out the terms of said lease, contending that same was in violation of the terms of the deed under and by virtue of which defendants held the property.

At the trial, plaintiff tendered the following issues and asked that same be submitted to the jury:. 1. “Would the erection of the building on the church lot as described in the complaint, tend -to render said church and lot less convenient and desirable as a place of public worship ?” 2. “Was the said lease of the premises, or a part thereof, contrary to the purpose and intent of the donor at the time of the execution of the deed ?” The court declined to submit these issues and plaintiff excepted. On an intimation from the court that plaintiff was not entitled to the relief demanded, plaintiff excepted, submitted to a nonsuit and appealed.

Edmund Jones for the plaintiff.

Lawrence Wakefield, W. C. Newland and Bower & Hufham for the defendants.

Hoke, J.,

after stating the case: Plaintiff does not claim in this suit the right to re-enter on the land as grantor in the deed, by reason of condition broken; the authorities cited by defendant on that point, therefore, while seemingly conclusive, are not apposite to any question presented in this appeal. Nor is there any issue asked or evidence offered tending to show that the defendants, officers and trustees, have acted or proposed to act contrary to the rules and usages of the church. Nor is it alleged or suggested that the funds will not be applied to church purposes or expended for the church’s benefit. The plaintiff rests his right to relief on the position that the officers of the church, in making the lease, are committing a breach of trust and acting contrary to the terms of the deed, which, according to the plaintiff’s construction, require that the property should be used only for purposes of religious worship.

The court is referred to numerous authorities to the effect that according to the provisions of the deed the land conveyed is trust property. There is no doubt about this being a correct position in the sense that the same is held for the use and benefit of the congregation named in the deed. The real question here is not whether the property conveyed is held in trust for the church — that is admitted by both parties — but whether the trust is so defined and determined by the terms of the deed that the making of the lease complained of, contravenes its controlling purpose, and to the extent that a court of equity will interfere to right the wrong and put the trustees in the proper way. On this question the court is of opinion that the judge below gave a correct intimation and that the plaintiff is not entitled to the relief sought.

It is the general rule that courts will not interfere in cases of this character unless there is substantial abuse or misuse of the funds, which amounts to a perversion of the charity. Perry on Trusts, sec. 733. And in St. James Parrish v. Bagley, 138 N. C., 384, we have recently declared the general principle to be, that a specific trust will not be superimposed upon a title conveyed to a religious congregation, authorizing the courts to interfere and control their management and disposition of tbe property, unless this is the clear intent of the grantor expressed in language which should be construed as imperative. And, further, that such a trust is not to be lightly imposed upon mere words of recommendation and confidence or which simply declare the motive for making the deed, citing with approval Pomeroy’s Eq., secs. 1015 and 1016, which supports the doctrine as stated.

While the facts of that case do not permit that it should be considered as an authority necessarily controlling in the one before us, the general principles announced and maintained in the opinion are against the position of the plaintiff on the facts as now presented. We hold that the language of the deed does not permit or justify the court in restraining action under the proposed lease, or otherwise interfering with the defendant’s management and control of the property.

There is

No Error.