This action was before us at Spring Term, 1901, as appears in 128 N. Cl, 28, wherein the Court only *91passed upon tbe question'of liability of defendant’s ward, as it was agreed that tbe reasonable expenses of maintaining and treating ber were $200 per year — leaving tbe computation of time for wbicb sbe was liable to be adjudged by tbe Court below. And when it was again beard in tbe Superior Court of Edgecombe County, bis Honor, upon motion of plaintiff, rendered judgment against defendant for tbe snxu of $2,191.50, being tbe full amount claimed against defendant’s ward from tbe time sbe first became a patient in plaintiff Hospital to tbe time of tbe bearing, except two intervals during wbicb sbe was discharged. To which judgment defendant excepted and appealed. .
Tbe case on appeal shows that defendant’s ward, Mrs. Nancy L. Hargrove, was an inmate of tbe Hospital from November 21, 1887, till tbe institution of this action, and still is (excepting from September 15, 1892, to January 81, 1895, and from February 8 till June 8, 1895) ; that at tbe time of her admission sbe was tbe wife of Gray L. Hargrove, a citizen worth at least $35,000, who died in 1894; that up to tbe time of ber husband’s death, said Nancy bad no estate of ber own, but from bis estate received as distributee $2,-255.60 of personalty, and was endowed of 202 acres of land from wbicb sbe received a rental of 7,200 pounds of lint cotton per annum for five years, and wbicb thereafter did did not amount to more than 5,200 pounds of lint cotton per annum; and that afterwards (November 14, 1899) defendant collected, after long litigation and much expense, for bis said ward as one of tbe heirs of J. J. Drew, deceased in tbe State of Alabama, tbe gross sum of $3,240.
Defendant contends, first, that' bis ward’s estate is not liable for any sum whatsoever for tbe reason that, upon bis qualification as guardian, March 29, 1895, be applied to tbe Superintendent of tbe plaintiff to know if any charge was made for patients who were able to pay, and was informed *92that no charge was made for any person, and thereupon his ward was allowed to remain in the plaintiff institution; second, that if her estate is liable at all, plaintiff can only recover for such liability as accrued within three years prior to the beginning of this action.
The first contention can not be sustained, as it is too well settled that its agents or officers can not bind the State by any contract they may make, when not so authorized to- do— especially in violation of the express statute (Code, sec. 2278), which allows the admission into the institution of others than indigent insane persons upon payment of proper compensation, and for the further reason that that question was adjudicated in the former decision (128 N. C., 28), and can not now be reviewed in this appeal.
We think the second contention is well founded and must be sustained. In no event could her estate have been liable during the lifetime of her husband, for it appears that he was possessed of sufficient means to provide for himself and family, and no liability could have attached to her estate till after his death. But as he died more than three years prior to the institution of this action, and the Statute of Limitations is interposed by law, that fact is not material in this decision.
It is provided by Acts 1889, Chap. 89, that “On the trial of any action or special proceeding, to which an insane person has been made a party, such insane person shall be deemed to have pleaded specially any defense, and shall have on the trial the benefit of any defense, whether pleaded or not, that might have been made for him by his guardian or attorney under the provisions of Title Three of The Code of Civil Procedure, section one hundred and thirty-six to section one hundred and seventy-six of The Code of North Carolina, both inclusive.” By which statute the plea of the Statute of Limitations is specially interposed and pleaded *93in bebalf of the defendant, against which the State can not avail itself on account of its sovereignty, since by section 159 of The Code it has prescribed that “the limitations prescribed in this chapter shall apply to civil actions brought in the name of the State, or for its benefit, in the same manner as to actions by and for the benefit of private parties.”
His Honor erred in rendering judgment for a sum in excess of the liability incurred within three years next preceding the institution of this action.
As the exact amount for which her estate is liable is not ascertained, this action is remanded to the Superior Court for the same to be inquired into and determined according to the practice of the Court and the due course of law.
There is Error.