Conversion is an act of ownership, exercised over the personal chattel of another, inconsistent with the owner’s right.- it must be an act, bare words will not do. Words however may qualify an act, and shew its character. A refusal to deiiv*"- upon demand, is' not the conversion ; but it is the possession afterwards, which is qualified by the refusal, and shewn to he adverse, after the right to possess is put at an end, by the demand of the owner. Putting up this horse for sale, as the property of his intestate, by the Defendant, although he bid him in himself, is an unequivocal act shewing the nature of his possession, and declaring it to be adverse to the right of the owner. A demand is not required, to give the Defendant an opportunity of avoiding a suit, by delivering up the property in dispute; hut to put an end to the Defendant’s right to possess, which before might be lawful, as in the case of the finder, or of the owner’s bailee. The detention afieiwards is the conversion. And if before the demand, possession is wrongfully parted with, this is itself a conversion. Or the Defendant may be concluded, by his own wrongful act, from setting up as a defence, his want of possession at the time of the demand. — There must be a new trial.
Whether the sale by the Plaintiff to the Defendant’s intestate was conditional, or whether it was absolute, and time given to pay the purchase-money, was properly left to the Jury. As to the second question relating to the sale of the horse, which is relied on as a *308conversion — if the horse had been purchased by a third person and the money paid to the Defendant; or if the money had not been paid, it would have amounted to a conversion, as it would have been an exercise ofownership over him. As to this question, the fact that, the Defendant became the purchaser, can make no. difference, he thereby evinced bis intention to become the owner.
It is said, in Bacon’s Abridg. (Trover B.) that every disposition of property as a man’s own, is a conversion. If one-dispose of another’s property, for the benefit of a third person, this is a conversion. If a,person intrusted with another’s goods, places them in the hands of a third person, contrary to orders, it is a conversion. (Syds. v. Hay, 4 Term. Rep. 260.) Every unlawful intermeddling with the goods of another, ami exercising acts of ownership over them, is a conversion. 1 therefore think, the rule for a new trial should be made absolute.
It is not necessary to prove a demand and refusal, where the Plaintiff can show an actual conversion. If a person purchase another’s goods, ■from one having no right to sell them, and takes them into possession, it is assuming upon himself the property and right of disposing of another’s goods, and amounts to a conversion. The Defendant’s possession and claim were adverse to the Plaintiff’s right $ and the possessing himself of the horse under such circumstauces, constitutes the cause of action. — There should be a new trial.
Per Curiam. — Judgment reversed, and a new trial granted.