Two enquiries are presented by the argument in this case; the first relates to the power of the Court to interpose the preventive remedy of an Injunction ; the other, whether it is proper to exercise the power under the evidence and circumstances of this case.
*391It is manifest, that without some jurisdiction competent, to prevent a threatened evil of the sort complained of, there would be a great defect ofjustice in this State» for when the injury if done, cannot be repaired in damages, it is essential to the protection of right, that this Court, whose process is alone adequate to the occasion, should interpose its summary remedy, to compel persons so to use their own property as not to injure that of others. It lias accordingly been long settled as a prin-. ciple of the Court, that in cases where irreparable mischief may be done, as of waste, or in a plain case of nuisance, an injunction will immediately be granted. Where there is a clear right to the enjoyment of the subject in question, and an injurious interruption of that right, which in equity ought to be prevented, this Court will not withhold its aid; and this rule is abundantly established by the authorities, 1 Vern. 120, 127, 275 — 2 Ves. 414 — 2 Atyns 391, and many others.
It appears, to me, that the evidence in this case approaches as nearly to ascertain the certainty of the apprehended evil, if not prevented, as can be expected from the nature of the subject. There was formerly a millpond nearly in the situation where the Defendant proposes to establish his, and during the whole time of its being kept up, the whole community, particularly the younger part of it, were subject to destructive autumnal diseases. Soon after the mill was broke and the pond emptied, a visible improvement took place in the healthfulness of the place, children were raised to maturity, the population increased, and a seminary of learning erected within what was before the sphere of pestilential influence; of these facts it is impossible to doubt after reading the depositions. Is it not to be expected that the same causes, if put into operation, will produce the same effect ? Nor is the probability .of this lessened, by the proposed alteration in the site of the pond, its size, and the situation of the mill. The utmost allowance that can be made on this point, is, that it may not render the *392(own quite so unhealthful; but if the Court sees, that no: merely in the fears .of the inhabitants, but a moral ccr-tainty exists, that if this work is suffered to proceed, the jiean(, 0f this community will again be put in jeopardy, it is its bounden duty to interpose. Indeed it is impossible to shut our eyes to the fact, that in this climate, a collection of stagnant water in the neighborhood' of a town,:will render the inhabitants unhealthy; and however different theories may be pressed into the service of accounting for it, or plans proposed to mitigate the evil, the painful conviction forces itself upon us, that the effect invariably follows the cause, and no antidote is yet discovered.
Under this observation and experience, a Court might be satisfied with much less evidence than has been ad-, duced in this case. I am of opinion that the Injunction ought to be made perpetual.
This is not a case where it is necessary to controvert the question whether this Court will interfere by Injunction or not, before a trial at law is had, declaring that to be a nuisance or not, which in the Bill is set forth to be one. No such question in this case can be tried at law, no nuisance exists — the object of the bill is to enjoin the Defendant from creating one. And it does appear to me, that it is a proper case for this Court’s interference.
The nuisance which it is apprehended will arise from the erection of the mill, does not appear to me to be a phantom created by the fears of the witnesses, but a reality bottomed upon past experience. It is not likely that the effects of ponded water would be less deleterious now than formerly, the same causes produce the same effects. — I think the Injunction ought to be made perpetual, with costs.
HeNderson, Judge, was of the same opinion, so the Injunction was made perpetual.