delivered the opinion of the Court:
Appellant was convicted and adjudged to pay a fine of $2 and costs of suit, for permitting a dog to run at large within the corporate limits of the town of Highland, contrary to the provisions of an ordinance of said town.
The alleged ordinance is claimed to be authorized by § 10 of “An act to incorporate the town of Highland, in Madison county,” approved February 16, 1865, (Private Laws of 1865, Vol. 2, p. 476,) which is as follows:
“Sec. 10. The president and trustees shall have power for the abatement of nuisances and suppression of gaming and bawdy houses in said town, and to provide by ordinance what shall be deemed a nuisance: Provided, the ordinance declaring what shall be deemed a nuisance shall contain no provision on any other matter or subject, and before the same shall be of force, it shall be submitted to the voters of said town for their approval or rejection, in such manner as provided by ordinance, and if adopted by a majority of voters voting for or against the same, it shall be in force from and after the same is so adopted.”
*197The 17th section of the act provides, that “ no by-law or ordinance shall be in force until twenty days after the passage o.f the same, or such later period as may be fixed in any bylaw or ordinance; and it shall be the duty of the town clerk to post up copies of all ordinances and by-laws affecting the public, under his certificate and the seal of the corporation, immediately after the passage of the same; and at least ten days before the same take effect, there shall be posted up one copy of the same in the most public place in the district. * * * * n
The 6th section divides the town into four districts.
There was no proof offered tending to establish that the ordinance had been submitted to the voters of the town for their approval or rejection ; and the only evidence of publication was the testimony of John Weber, who said that “he saw two notices put up in at least two places in the town; thought they were put up in three places, but was not positive.”
When the ordinance was objected to by appellant, as competent evidence, it devolved upon the people to show, or offer to show, that the town had authority to pass it. City of Alton, v. Hartford Fire Insurance Company, 72 Ill. 328. And inasmuch as the charter provides thát before such ordinances shall be in force, they shall be submitted to the voters of the town for their approval or rejection, it was indispensable to its validity that it should be shown that this ordinance had been so submitted. Municipal corporations exercise only delegated and limited powers, and, in the absence of express statutory provisions to that effect, courts are authorized to indulge in no presumptions in favor of the validity of their ordinances. If in conformity with the express or necessarily implied grant in the charter, they are valid—otherwise not.
We think the language we have quoted from the 17th section of the act of 1865, as to the publication of the ordinance, is mandatory. Those who are to be affected by an ordinance should be informed, or have a reasonable opportunity to be informed, of'its provisions and when it shall take effect, that *198they may arrange their affairs and govern their conduct so as to avoid liability under it. This end is designed to be accomplished by this section, and we do not feel warranted in assuming that it was intended it might be dispensed with.
The proof failing to show a publication as required by the charter, the evidence of the ordinance should have been rejected. Trustees of Elizabethtown v. Lefler, 23 Ill. 90; Newlan v. President and Trustees of Aurora, 14 id. 364; Barnett v. President and Trustees, etc., 28 id. 62.
We are referred to sec. 14, chap. 51, Rev. Stat. 1874, entitled “ Evidence and Depositions,” which provides that “The papers, entries, records and ordinances, or parts thereof, of any city, village, town or county, may be proved by a copy there-, of, certified under the hand of the clerk, or the.keeper thereof, and. the corporate seal, if there be any, if not, under his hand and private seal.” The first clause of section 23 of the act' of 1865, before referred, to, is substantially the same. But the effect of this language is only to dispense with the production of the original by making the copy evidence. The copy proves precisely what that of which it is a copy would prove if produced, and no more. If the original had been here produced instead of the copy, it would only have proved what it recited. It would not have proved that it had been submitted to the voters of the town for their approval or rejection, nor that it had been posted in a public place in each of the four districts of the town for ten days before the offense charged against appellant was committed. Proof of these things would have had to be made otherwise than by the bare production of the ordinance.
It is, doubtless, competent for the Legislature to enact that the simple production of the ordinance or of a copy thereof shall be prima faeie evidence that every step has been taken with reference to it, essential to make it a valid ordinance. And this is the effect of sec. 65 of the general act in relation to the incorporation of cities, towns and villages. (Rev. Stat. 1874, p. 223.) See Byars v. The City of Mt. Vernon, 77 Ill. *199468. But the language of the section quoted professes no such object. It does not say that the ordinance or a certified copy shall be prima facie evidence that all conditions precedent to its validity have been complied with, nor by any equivalent language import that the mere production of the ordinance or a certified copy shall be prima facie evidence of the validity of the ordinance, but it simply makes the certified copy evidence in the place of the original.
For the error in admitting the ordinance in evidence without the requisite preliminary proof, the judgment is reversed and the cause remanded.
Judgment reversed.