delivered the opinion of the Court:
This was an action of assumpsit, brought by Elias Ship-man, in the circuit court of McLean county, against the Andes Insurance Company, to recover on a policy of insurance, for the destruction of the insured property by fire, which .occurred about two o’clock in the morning, October 2d, 1872.
A trial was had before a jury, which resulted in a verdict in favor of the plaintiff for $10,825. The court overruled a motion for a new trial, and rendered judgment upon the verdict.
The defendant has brought the record here, and insists that a watchman kept at the office on the distillery grounds was not a compliance with the contract; that the watchman was required to keep a record; that Shipman made misrepresentations in procuring the policy, and that the court improperly excluded certain evidence.
The policy was issued on the 28th day of June, 1872, for two years, the amount of insurance $10,000, distributed as follows: $2400 on three-story brick distillery building. $240 on one-story frame fermenting building. $120 on one-story frame boiler house. $400 on fixed and movable machinery and apparatus used in the manufacture of highwines, $920 on fermenting tubs. $1120 on four boilers, $1200 on steam engine belonging to Elias Shipman, and all contained in the building situated on the south side of the Peoria road and on east bank of Sugar creek, Bloomington, Illinois.
A stipulation was written on the face of the policy, as follows-: “ Permission is given for said distillery to be closed for repairs on machinery, and for new machinery to be put in; a watchman to be on the premises constantly during the time till September 1st, 1872.” Also, “August 30, 1872, the time for repairs extended to Oct. 1-5, 1872, under same conditions.”
The application, which, by the terms of the policy, is made a part thereof, contains the statement that the property has not been a subject of litigation since in present hands.
*191The defendant, upon cross-examination of the plaintiff, asked the following questions :
“State if von were present just previous to obtaining this insurance, when Crosby was attached for contempt of court in running this distillery?”
“About how manv times, in your knowledge, has this distillery been seized by the government ?”
The court refused to allow the questions to be answered, and this decision is relied upon as error.
It is not apparent in what manner an answer to either of the questions would have tended to establish the fact that the insured property had been in litigation since owned by the plaintiff. Crosby may have been attached for contempt, and vet the distillery property remained free from litigation. It may also be true, that, at some time, the property may have been seized by the government when held by a prior owner, but such fact, if it existed, would not show litigation in regard to the property while owned by the plaintiff, as it. may have been seized and no litigation followed. It ivas, however, a sufficient objection to the evidence, that it was not a proper cross-examination of the witness.
Had the defendant desired the evidence in defense, or desired to preserve the question as to its admissibility, the evidence should have been offered when the defendant was introducing its testimony in defense of the action.
It is, however, insisted that no watchman ivas upon the insured premises at the time the fire occurred, and on that account the plaintiff ivas not entitled to recover.
It appears, from the evidence, that the distillery premises consisted of the distillery, the bonded warehouse, scales, corn crib, cooper shop, two tenement houses, an office 179 feet from the distillery, where all grain ivas purchased, the books kept, and the business connected with the distillery transacted.
This office was not included in the policy, but it was known, used and recognized as a part of the distillery property.
*192The plaintiff had a day watchman and a night watchman employed, who seem to have been faithful and entirely trustworthy. The night watchman usually occupied the office. On the night the fire occurred, he was around the premises until about 11 o’clock, when he went into the office and went to sleep. Between 1 and 2 o’clock he discovered the propertv was on fire.
The question is, was this a substantial compliance on the part of the plaintiff with the terms of the contract, which required a watchman to be on the premises?
The defendant claims that the language used required the watchman to be on the premises actually insured.
It will be seen, by reference to the policy, that, in describing the property insured, it is designated as all contained in the said buildings, but in providing for a watchman, the language employed is different. The word “buildings” is not used. The clause is as follows': “ Permission is given for said distillery to be closed, a watchman to be on the premises.”
It is apparent that, when the word.“distillery” was used, it was intended to embrace all the distillery property, and the provision that a watchman should be on the premises, did not mean that he should be located in any particular building, but that he should be upon the distillery premises.
The land used and occupied by the distillery constituted one acre. We can see no reason why the watchman could not protect the property from fire as well by being on one' part of the premises as another.
It was a matter of no consequence what particular part of the premises the watchman occupied ; if he was about the premises in the discharge of his duty, such was a substantial compliance with the contract.
It is, however, claimed that the contract of insurance required a record to be kept of the watchman’s performance of duty, which was not done by the plaintiff.
*193The evidence shows that the application, which contains this clause, was prepared by the agents of the defendant, and it was signed by the plaintiff, without knowing its contents, on the representation of the agent who drafted it, that it was all right.
It also appears that no watch-clock was kept in the distillery, and this fact was well known to defendant’s agent, who made the contract for insurance. It was also proven that no record could be kept of the watchman’s performance of duty, without a watch-clock; that the term used in the application, is a common term, recognized and known among insurance men.
When the defendant received of plaintiff the premium and issued the policy, with full knowledge that no record could be kept of the watchman’s performance of duty, after a loss has occurred the company can not be permitted to shield itself from payment of the loss on a pretext so trivial. Com. Ins. Co. v. Spankneble, 52 Illl. 55.
The instructions given to the jury by the court were in harmony with the views here expressed, and were substantially correct.
The property destroyed was worth about three times the amount of the policy. No blame seems to be attributable to the plaintiff, and’, upon a careful examination of the whole record, we perceive no substantial reason for disturbing the judgment. It will therefore be affirmed.
Judgment affirmed.