The Opinion of the Court was delivered by
This was an action of assumpsit, brought by Rudolphus Rouse against the county of Peoria, to the May term of the Peoria Circuit Court, A. D. 1844, on a special agreement made with Ralph Hamlin, an overseer of the poor for Peoria precinct, which is a justice’s precinct, for the sum of $300, which he alleges is due and unpaid by-said county, for medical services, labor and skill, performed and employed by the said plaintiff as a physician, in the curing of one Styles, who was a settled pauper in the said precinct for the six months next preceding the rendition of said services, for which the plaintiff insists that the county of Peoria is liable.
*104The declaration contains three counts to which there was a demurrer, and the following causes assigned as special causes of demurrer, to wit:
1. Because the overseer of the poor had no authority to bind the county by contract, except in conjunction with the justices of the peace of the district.
2. Because it does not appear that the overseers of the poor ever made any report to the County Commissioners’ Court of the plaintiff’s claim in the premises; or that the said Styles was a pauper, or entitled to any relief under the provisions of the third section of the Act of Febuary 19, 1839.
3. Because the county cannot by law make provision for the payment of expenses incurred in the maintaining of paupers, except upon the report of the overseers of the poor.
4. Because the action of assumpsit cannot be maintained against the county under the circumstances, nor for the causes stated in the declaration;_ that the overseers of the poor, and not the County Commissioners, have the exclusive control of the paupers, and are bound to make report to the County Commissioners’ Court, and that after such report is made, that Court can only be compelled by writ of mandamus to perform their duty, in making the proper appropriations. To this demurrer there was a joinder by the plaintiff, and the demurrer afterwards overruled by the Court.
The defendant having abided by the demurrer, the plaintiff took judgment for want of a plea; a writ of inquiry was awarded, an inquisition of damages had by the sheriff, and a verdict returned in favor of the plaintiff for the sum of $116, in damages.
The defendant then moved in arrest of judgment, for the following reasons, to wit:
1. Because, by the law, the said Ralph Hamlin alone, had no power or authority to make any contract to bind the county;
2. Because an overseer of the poor can do no act binding the county, except in conjunction with his associates as a board;
*1053» Because it does not appear that the said Hamlin, or the overseers of the poor, confided the care of the said Styles to a householder, and took a bond, specifying the sum to be paid by the county for his keeping, &c., according to the second section of the Act of February 2, 1839;
4. Because the declaration does not state that the said Hamlin, or any overseer or overseers, ever made any report in relation to the alleged pauper to the County Commissioners’ Court, as required by the third section of the same Act;
5. Because the County Commissioners’ Court cannot legally make any appropriation for the support of paupers until after the overseers shall have reported as aforesaid;
6. Because the County Commissioners’ Court, in the first instance, has exclusive jurisdiction over the subject matter of this suit, and are bound to exercise a discretion in making the proper appropriations;
7. Because the County cannot be sued in this Court, upon any contract made by the overseer of the poor, the only remedy being by appeal from the order of County Commissioners’ Court in case they refuse to make the proper appropriation;
8. Because this Court has no original jurisdiction of this suit; and
9. Because it is not shown by the declaration, that the Said Styles is or was a pauper, by six months’ residence in the county, or otherwise entitled to relief.
This motion in arrest of judgment was sustained by the Court, and a judgment rendered in favor of the defendant for costs.
The following are assigned as errors for the reversal of said judgment in this Court, to wit:
1. The Circuit Court erred in sustaining the defendant’s motion in arrest of judgment;
2. The Circuit Court erred in rendering judgment against the plaintiff for the costs of the suit;
3. The Circuit Court erred in refusing to render judgment for the plaintiff in accordance with the return of the sheriff, and verdict of the jury, upon the' writ of inquiry issued in said cause, for the sum of $116, as found by said jury;
*1064. The Circuit Court erred in sustaining a motion in arrest of judgment for a supposed defect in the declaration, after a demurrer to the declaration had been filed and overruled.
This whole case, as we understand it, presents but two questions, necessary to be considered: First, in regard to the correctness of the practice in allowing a motion in arrest of judgment, after a demurrer to the declaration overruled; and, Secondly, in relation to the right of the plaintiff to recover against the county, under the facts- and circumstances stated in the pleadings.
As to the first question, we have no doubt, but that according to the authorities, the correct rule of pratice is, not to entertain a motion in arrest of judgment upon the overruling of a demurrer to the declaration; and it makes no difference in the application of the rule in such a case, whether the demurrer was argued or not. Edwards v. Blunt, 1 Strange, 426; Creswell v. Packham, 6 Taunton, 650. In the latter case, the declaration contained three special counts, and the money counts. The defendant demurred, alleging “ thats the said declaration and the matters therein contained, were not sufficient in law, &c.” The plaintiff joined in demurrer. There was no argument, and the Court decided generally, that the declaration was sufficient.
A writ of inquiry was executed, and general damages found for the plaintiff.
Sergeant Haywood obtained a rule nisi to arrest the judgment on certain objections to the money counts. Sergeant Best insisted contra, that no motion in arrest of judgment could be entertained after judgment on the demurrer, and cited the case of Edwards v. Blunt, 1 Strange, 426.
“ The doctrine in the case of Edwards v. Blunt, 1 Strange, 426, is, that where the defendant might, on arguing the demurrer, have availed himself of the exceptions, he shall not afterwards move in arrest of judgment.
The defendant might have taken this exception in substance on the demurrer, for he might have objected to the vicious *107counts, and have obtained judgment on them; no damages could ever have been assessed thereon, and he is not without remedy by writ of error. It is more convenient to adhere to that practice, than to indulge the defendant with relief now on motion. Though I am aware of the new view, in which the objection presents itself, namely, that judgment cannot be with propriety entered for these general damages, and yet it is more convenient to compel parties to come, in the first instance, with every objection.” Rule discharged.
This case is different from one, where a judgment by-default is taken in the first instance, and no demurrer is opposed by the defendant to the plaintiff’s declaration. In that case, the defendant does not waive his right to move in arrest of judgment, for substantial defects in the declaration, notwithstanding he may have attended the execution of the writ of inquiry. Callegan v. Hallett, 1 Caines, 104; Graham’s Practice, 642.
We think the correct rule was laid down by the Court in Creswell v. Packham, and ought not to be departed from in practice in the Circuit Courts. But as such a decision in this case would subject the parties to great inconvenience and expense, by sending them back to the Court below, when no possible good can be accomplished by so doing, it will be better, in this instance, to let that question go, and to consider this case rather as an exception to the rule, than a departure from it, and to proceed at once to a decision upon the merits.
The fifth section of the Act relative to paupers, approved March 3, 1845, Revised Statutes of 1845, page 403, which is substantially the same as the corresponding Act of 1839, cited by the counsel in the argument, provides, that the justices of the peace in each justices’ district, in conjunction with such other person as the County Commissioners in the several counties in this State may appoint, shall be, and are hereby made overseers of the poor, and are vested with the entire and exclusive superintendence of the poor in their respective districts, excepting in cases of corporate towns or cities, to which such superintendence and jurisdiction shall be by law granted.”
*108The sixth section provides, that “it shall be the duty of said justices within their respective districts, and the person appointed as aforesaid, diligently to inquire after all such persons as are unable to earn a livelihood, in consequence of any bodily infirmity, idiocy, lunacy, or other unavoidable cause, and to provide for them the "necessary comforts of life, by confiding the care of such poor person or persons to some moral and discreet householder or householders in the district of sufficient ability to provide for them. And any person to whom the care of such poor person shall be committed, shall execute a bond to the county in which such poor person shall reside, conditioned that he will treat such poor person with humanity, and afford to him or her the necessary attention and comforts of life, fitted to his or her condition. Said bond shall set forth the sum to be" given by said county for keeping such poor person or persons.”
The seventh section provides, that “said overseers shall, at each session of the County Commissioners’ Court, make a full report of their actings and doings under this Act,' and ■return a list of all the poor in their respective districts, •specifying the age, sex and infirmities of each.”
■ The eighth section provides, that “ upon the making of said report, it shall be the duty of the several County Commissioners’ Courts to make such appropriations as will justify the person having the custody of any such poor person in affording to him or her suitable clothing, and such comforts as may be suitable to their state and condition.”
The ninth section provides, that “any sum set.forth in the bond executed to any county as aforesaid, may be lessened or increased at the discretion of said county, without affecting, in either case, the validity of the bond.”
Thus, it will be seen that the justices of the peace in such justices’ district are constituted, ex officio, overseers of the poor of such district, in conjunction with an overseer of the poor to be appointed by the County Commissioners’ Court; and these overseers are together to exercise a general superintendance over the poor for the district.
In this case, .Hamlin was the overseer appointed by the County Commissioners’ Court for the Peoria district; but it *109does not appear from the record that any of the justices of that district acted with him in making the contract with the plaintiff, Rouse. On the contrary it appears, that whatever agreement was entered into was made by Hamlin and Rouse alone.
This was an unauthorized exercise of power by Hamlin, as no such agreement could have been legally made without the concurrence of the justices of the district, acting in the character of overseers of the poor, or at least a majority of the whole taken together, the overseer appointed by the County Commissioners’ Court inclusive; as this was not done, we hold that the contract is not obligatory upon the county.
Again, it is required by the seventh section, as above quoted, that the overseers of the poor shall report their proceedings to the County Commissioners ’ Court; and by the eighth section, that Court is required to make such appropriations for the support of such poor persons, to be thus reported as may appear under the circumstances, to be reasonable and proper.
No report has been made in this case by the overseers of the district, and, consequently, no appropriation has been made by the County Commissioners’ Court, to meet the demand of Rouse for the medical services rendered to the •pauper Styles, at the request of Hamlin. How could this have been otherwise under the circumstances?
We are therefore of opinion, that before a contract in such a case can be properly considered as obligatory upon the county that the overseers of the poor, or a majority of them, should, in the first place, make the contract with the person who is to support or render service to the pauper; that a report of such contract should be made to the County Commissioners’ Court, and that the County Commissioners’ Court should either approve, increase, or diminish the sum agreed to be paid by the overseers, and make an appropriation for its payment out of the county treasury. If the overseers or the Court should refuse or neglect to perform their respective duties in the premises, the remedy, in the first instance, is by a writ of mandamus, and not by suit, as in this case in *110the Circuit Court against the county; and by appeal, if necessary, from the final order or judgment of the County Commissioners’ Court.
It was doubtless intended by the legislature, that the County Commissioners’ Court should exercise a general supervision .and control over the acts of the overseers of the poor, and especially, in relation to the payment of all sums of money for the support of paupers out of the county treasury. Any other construction of the Act in question, might lead to the most injurious consequences to the best interests of the county. If a single overseer of the poor may bind the county to the payment of three hundred dollars, by a single contract, as in this case, it would not take many such overseers, or many such contracts to bankrupt the most wealthy and prosperous county in the State.
The judgment of the Circuit Court is affirmed, with costs.
Judgment affirmed.