delivered the opinion of the Court:
This was an action on the case brought by Maria B. Jewell, as administratrix of William B. Jewell, in the Circuit Court of *100Cook county, against the Illinois Central Eailroad Company, to recover damages for the death of her son, the intestate, on the allegation of negligence in the company in permitting .the use of a defective brake on the car in which the deceased was employed as a brakeman, and on the further allegation, of the employment of an incompetent engineer.
There was much evidence on these points, and the jury found a verdict for the plaintiff. The court rendered a judgment on the verdict, a motion for a new trial having been overruled.
To reverse this judgment, the defendants bring the record here by appeal, and assign various errors, questioning the correctness of the instructions given for the plaintiff, and the refusal to give instructions asked by the defendants, and ir modifying those given in their behalf. They also urge the refusal of the court to grant a new trial as error.
The theory of the plaintiff below was, that the accident was caused by a defect in the brake, the nut which kept the wheel in its place on the upright shaft having become loose, and in the effort to work the brake, the wheel came off and the deceased was thrown to thp ground. The fact that the brakeman was found dead on the track, with the wheel or brake-head near him, and the brake-head of the car on which he was employed being gone, gives support to this view.
We are not inclined to hold that this was such negligence as to charge the company, for the condition of the brake was a matter under the special care of the brakeman, and it was his business, at all times, to see that it was in a fit condition for use, and report defects to the company. The company are not to suffer for his negligence of a plain duty.
On the other ground, that the company employed an incompetent engine-driver, the evidence is conclusive . on that point, that Chapman was incompetent, and known to be so, by the company. Booth, who seemed to know him well, said, as a driver, “he was a very reckless man, a wild, harum sca/mm fellow; was a reckless, wild runner; he would’nt *101hear to anybodyand Hay says “he got to drinking too much.”
. Shepard says he was headstrong -and reckless—inattentive to his watch and time card, and he considered it necessary to watch him ; another witness, Peabody, says he was not competent—rather feckless, and inclined to fast running. To have such a man in charge of the lives and property of the people, is an act of negligence for which the company employing him, and who are bound t'o know the qualifications of their employees, ought to be responsible.
But it is asked, how did this incompetency of the driver tend to produce the casualty, for if he was incompetent, and the accident and death were not caused by that, the company should not be charged ?
This is reasonable, and it is found in the fact, that with a freight train of eighteen to twenty-five cars, on a down grade, the rate of speed was from twenty-five to thirty miles an hour, when it should not have been half that rate. It is the experience of all travelers on railroads, that the sudden application of the brakes to a train at such a high rate of speed, always produces great oscillation of the train, and would so disturb a bralceman tugging at the wheel as to throw him off; if the wheel gave way; there would be no help for him. If the speed of this train had been moderated on approaching the down grade, it would have reached the station by its own momentum without' any steam, and no necessity would have presented itself for this straining at the brake.
It is said, this driver presented good recommendations when he was employed. This is all very well; but it is almost impossible that the active agents of the company should not have known of his subsequent recklessness, and his inclination to drink. Why should not railroad companies, for their own sakes, if not for the public, institute and keep up inquisitorial examinations, periodically, among the engine-drivers they employ, and among other employees, so that the unfit may *102be condemned, and dischargéd, and thus afford some protection to the countless lives and unnumbered property committed daily to their care ? Public safety requires the greatest precautionary measures to be taken by these companies, who have só many dangerous machines in their use and control, that they shall not leave destruction of life and property in their path, as they sweep in their terrific power over our State. That this casualty was caused by the recklessness and incompetency of this engine-driver, we have no doubt, and the jury have so found.
We have examined the instructions, and perceive.no error in them that could have misled the jury, and they embody the law as we understand it.
Judgment affirmed.