delivered the opinion of the court:
The village of Bellwood filed a petition in the superior court of Cook county, pursuant to an ordinance passed by the president and board of trustees of the village, for the improvement of Twenty-fifth avenue between the south line of Madison street extended and the north line of Marsh’s subdivision, praying for the levying of a special assessment for the cost of the improvement and for the ascertainment of just compensation for the land to be taken or damaged by it. An assessment roll was filed assessing benefits against the property involved in the appeal in the sum of $1780 and awarding compensation in the sum of $1600 for the part of the property taken by the improvement. Arthur T. Galt and Ida C. Galt, the owners of the property, filed numerous objections, among which were the objections that the ordinance and the improvement were unreasonable; that the ordinance attached to the petition was not recommended by the board of local improvements; that no ordinance was submitted to the council by the board of local improvements; that the description of the proposed improvement was indefinite and uncertain, and that the elevation of the roadway could not be determined because the ordinance provided that the elevation should be the same as that of the existing sidewalk on the east side of the street, which did not extend the entire length of the roadway. The legal objections were all overruled. There was a hearing as to *506the benefits and damages before the court without a jury and a judgment fixing the compensation for property taken at $2000, finding that the property not taken would not be damaged and confirming the assessment roll, from which the objectors have appealed.
Several of the assignments of error have been argued by the appellants with much force, but we shall only consider one, which is fatal to the whole proceeding: that the ordinance was not submitted to the council and was not recommended by the board of' local improvements.
Section 5 of the Local Improvement act provides that no ordinance for any local improvement to be paid wholly or in part by special assessment or special taxation shall be considered or passed by the city council or board of trustees of any city, village or town unless the same shall first be recommended by the board of local improvements. Section 7 provides that all such ordinances shall originate with the board of local improvements, which shall adopt a resolution describing the improvement and fixing a day and hour for the public consideration of such resolution, cause an estimate to be made of the cost of the improvement, which must be made a part of -the record of the resolution, and give notice of the time and place of a public hearing, and if “upon such hearing the board shall deem such improvement desirable, it shall adopt a resolution therefor, and prepare and submit an ordinance therefor as hereinafter provided.” Section 8 provides that at the public hearing, in case any person shall appear to object to the proposed improvement or any of the elements thereof, the board shall adopt a new resolution abandoning the proposed scheme' or adhering thereto or modifying the extent, nature, kind, character and estimated cost, and if the proposed improvement be not abandoned, shall cause an ordinance to be prepared therefor to be submitted to the council or board'of trustees, prescribing the nature, character, locality and description of the improvement and providing whether the *507same shall be made wholly or in part by special assessment or special taxation on contiguous property. Section 9 provides, with any such ordinance presented by the beard of local improvements to the city council or board of trustees shall be presented also a recommendation of such improvement by the board, signed by at least a majority of the members thereof, which shall be prima facie evidence that all the preliminary requirements of the law have been complied with, and if a variance be shown on the proceedings in the court it shall not affect the validity of the proceedings unless the court shall deem the same willful or substantial.
These sections impose upon the board of local improvements responsibility for the initiation of all local improvements to be paid for wholly or in part by special assessment or special taxation and the duty of compliance with all the provisions of the act as conditions precedent to any action of the city council or the board of trustees of a village. In the absence of a resolution, an estimate of cost, an ordinance prepared by the board prescribing the nature, locality and description of the improvement, and providing whether the same shall be made wholly or in part by special assessment or special taxation on contiguous property, and presented to the council or board of trustees, together with a recommendation of the improvement signed by a majority of the members of the board of local improvements, the board of trustees of the appellee was without authority to pass the ordinance for this improvement. Attached to the petition is a copy of the ordinance as required by section 14 of the Local Improvement act, together with copies of the estimate and a recommendation of the improvement signed by a majority of the members of the board of local improvements. This recommendation is declared by the act .to be prima facie evidence of a full compliance with all the requirements of the law. The village was therefore under no obligation, in the first instance, to introduce any evidence of a compliance with the preliminary provisions of the act, *508but when evidence was introduced in support of the objection that the board of local improvements had not prepared or recommended the ordinance, the prima facie case no longer prevailed and it then became necessary for the village to introduce evidence to show such compliance. The statute making the recommendation prima facie evidence of a compliance with the law merely established a rule of procedure changing the burden of proof. In the absence of this statute the village would have been required, in the first instance, to assume the burden of producing proof that the ordinance had been prepared by the board of local improvements and that the board had recommended the improvement to the board of trustees. The only effect of the statute making the certificate prima facie evidence is that such compliance shall be assumed until evidence to the contrary is introduced. Chicago Terminal Transfer Railroad Co. v. City of Chicago, 217 Ill. 343; City of Rockford v. Mower, 259 id. 604; City of Peoria v. Peoria Railway Co. 274 id. 48; Village of Oak Park v. Hulbert, 307 id. 270.
The board of local improvements is a body to. which are committed not only the initiation of all public improvements to be made by special assessment or special taxation, but also important duties in regard to the making of contracts for the construction of such improvements and the performance of such contracts. Official action of such a body can be taken only by a majority of its members meeting together and acting officially. (People v. Chicago and Eastern Illinois Railway Co. 306 Ill. 402; McKeown v. Moore, 303 id. 448; McManus v. McDonough, 107 id. 95.) When a record of its proceedings is required to be kept the record is the only lawful evidence of its action, and it cannot be contradicted or added to by parol. People v. Madison County, 125 Ill. 334; People v. Smith, 149 id. 549; People v. Carr, 231 id. 502; People v. Warren, id. 518; Southworth v. Board of Education, 238 id. 190; City of Belleville v. Miller, 257 id. 244; People v. Toledo, St. Louis and *509 Western Railroad Co. 270 id. 472; People v. Hartquist, 311 id. 127.
The statute requires the board of local improvements, in section 7, to prepare and submit an ordinance, and in section 8 to cause to be prepared an ordinance to be submitted to the council or board of trustees, as the case maybe. It is not required that the board should by one of its own members perform the physical work of writing the ordinance but the act of preparing it is an official act of the board which requires a meeting of at least a majority of the members, at which there may be a consideration of the ordinance and a conclusion arrived at in regard to the recommendation of the improvement. The board of local improvements is required to keep a record of its proceedings, and such record cannot be contradicted, added to or suplemented by parol. (City of Belleville v. Miller, supra.) The act of preparing and submitting the ordinance with a recommendation of the improvement, like the official action of any body of individuals transacting public business, requires the official assent of a majority of the members at a meeting of the board, and this can be shown only by the record.
The first resolution of the board, including the estimate of the cost, and the second resolution, were introduced in evidence, and it was stipulated by the attorney for the appellee “that there was no further action taken and entered in the journal of the board of local improvements with reference to this improvement by the board after the adoption of the second resolution.” A record which is the only source of evidence by which official action can be shown, which does not show any action shows that none was taken. The act of the individual members of the board is not the act of the board. The recommendation signed by the. majority of the board of local improvements is not evidence of the fact that the recommendation was approved or ordered by the board at an official meeting and does not iden*510tify the ordinance as one approved or considered by the board. Such a recommendation may never have been approved by the board but may have been carried about and the signatures procured separately and independently, without any official action whatever. The recommendation served its purpose under the rule of procedure fixed by the statute of showing a prima facie case, but it is not of itself evidence, and when evidence is introduced to the contrary it has no effect to overcome such evidence.
For the want of compliance with the requirements of the statute by the board of local improvements, as shown by its record, the board of trustees of the village was without authority to pass the ordinance for the improvement and the superior court should have dismissed the petition.
The judgment is reversed.
Judgment reversed.