delivered the' opinion of the court:
Appellee commenced this suit by filing bis bill for the partition of certain lands in Carroll county, claiming an undivided half of the same as a son and heir-at-law of Samuel Bohn, deceased, subject to the dower of the *497widow, Lucinda Bohn. He set forth that appellant Leonnetta G. Metheny was an heir and entitled to the other half, subject to dower, but that she claimed he was not the child of said Samuel Bohn and had no interest in the lands, and he therefore filed the bill to have that controversy settled and his rights as a son and heir ascertained and declared. The bill was answered and appellee’s claim to be a son of Samuel Bohn was disputed. Leonnetta C. Metheny claimed to be the only heir. There was a hearing, and the court found in favor of appellee and entered the decree for partition. That decree was affirmed by this court. (Metheny v. Bohn, 160 Ill. 263.) Commissioners had reported that the lands were not susceptible of division and appraised their value. When the cause was re-instated in the circuit court a decree was entered confirming that report and ordering a sale of the lands. By this decree appellee’s solicitors were allowed §5000 as their fees for services rendered to him in the suit, and the special master was ordered, upon making the sale, to pay the costs of the suit and sale and then pay to the widow, Lucinda Bohn, who had consented to have her dower sold, the estimated value of such dower, after which he should pay said solicitors their fee of §5000, and divide whatever should be left equally between the guardian of appellee and appellant Leonnetta C. Metheny.
The land described in the decree for sale is different from that involved in the bill and decree for partition, one point in the description being differently located with respect to a fixed monument. The error is evidently clerical, and if that were the only objection to the decree it could be easily disposed of by a modification in that particular.
The allowance of §5000 to complainant’s solicitors for their services in establishing his claim to an interest in the lands is objected to for several reasons. No evidence is preserved in the record showing what services the com*498plainant’s solicitors rendered or the value of such services. The time for filing a certificate of evidence heard on the motion for the allowance was extended thirty days from the date of the decree, but the privilege allowed was not availed of, and no certificate was presented to the chancellor or signed or filed within that time. The rule that the evidence to sustain an allowance of this character must be preserved in the record has been repeatedly stated by this court. It was established as a rule in Goodwillie v. Millimann, 56 Ill. 523, where it was said (p. 527): “As a rule of practice, the evidence upon which such an allowance is made should be preserved in the record. Where such large sums are allowed and the rights of litigants are likely to be so materially affected they should not be deprived of having a decree reviewed in an appellate court.” And this rule has prevailed whenever the question has arisen since that time, whether in suits for partition or on the dissolution of an injunction or otherwise. The language above quoted was repeated in Albright v. Smith, 68 Ill. 181; and in Spring v. Collector of Olney, 78 id. 101, it was again held, as follows (p. 107): “The evidence upon which the allowance was made was not preserved in the record, without which, as this court has frequently ruled, the decree cannot be supported.” The rule and the duty of the court in which the allowance is made are stated in Goodwillie v. Milliman, supra, as follows (p. 528): “In taxing such fees the chancellor should exercise his own judgment, and not be wholly governed by the opinions of attorneys as to the value of their services. He has the requisite skill and knowledge to-form some idea as to what is a fair and reasonable compensation, and he should exercise that judgment. He should, no doubt, consider the opinions of witnesses and evidence of the sum usually charged and paid for such services, but should not be wholly controlled by the opinions of attorneys as to their value.” In Reynolds v. McMillan, 63 Ill. 46, the subject of inquiry in such cases was *499stated as follows: “In fixing the amount of a reasonable fee, the examination should be directed to what is customary for such legal services where contracts have been made with persons competent to contract, and not what is reasonable, just and proper for the solicitor in the particular case. The inquiry should be, not what an attorney thinks is reasonable, but what is the usual charge.” When the question is considered in an appellate court, although it is one about which the court is well qualified to form an opinion and upon which it will exercise an independent judgment, the evidence is necessary to a proper review of the allowance, for the purpose of showing what the ordinary and usual charges of solicitors for like services are in the court where the allowance was made, in cases where such fees are the subject of contract between solicitor and client. The allowance in this case being without any support in the record, cannot, under the well established rule, be sustained.
It would not be necessary to say more, but both parties have argued the question whether this is a proper case for the allowance of a solicitor’s fee against the defendants, and as that question will arise again in the suit they both desire to have it decided. Section 40 of the act relating to the partition of real estate, as amended in 1889, provides: “In all- proceedings for the partition of real estate, when the rights and interests of all the parties in interest are properly set forth in the petition or bill, the court shall apportion the costs, including the reasonable solicitor’s fee, among the parties in interest in the suit, so that each party shall pay his or her equitable portion thereof, unless the defendants, or some one of them, shall interpose a good and substantial defense to said bill or petition.” (Laws of 1889, p. 215.) Prior to this amendment it was uniformly held, under statutes which authorized the court to apportion the costs, including reasonable- solicitor’s fees, among the parties to the proceeding, so that each party, should pay his equi*500table portion thereof, that no allowance could be made in a contested suit where the solicitor for complainant conducted the proceeding against the interest of the defendants, and they were required to employ counsel to represent such interest. It was considered equitable that each should contribute to the fee of complainant’s solicitor only in cases where he represented all interests in an amicable proceeding. By the amended section the apportionment is still to be such that each party shall only pay his or her equitable portion of the fee. The widow, Lucinda Bohn, was one of the parties in interest in the suit embraced within the' language of the statute; but it was doubtless thought it would not be equitable for her to pay any part of the fee, as she was omitted from the apportionment. Leonnetta 0. Metheny employed her own solicitor, who defended her interests in the circuit court and this court, and §2500 was ordered taken out of her share of the proceeds of the land to pay complainant’s solicitors. The entire controversy was over an undivided half of the land, and the share so involved was worth, according to the appraisement of the commissioners approved by the court, §16,700, subject to the dower interest of the widow. By the decree the land was to be sold if it brought two-thirds of that appraisement. For recovering that share the §5000 was allowed. To settle the controversy which was litigated in this suit the complainant might have resorted to an action of ejectment, where, of course, he could recover no attorney’s fee against his adversary. The statute authorized the court, under a bill for partition, to investigate and determine the question of conflicting or controverted titles, and complainant chose to avail himself of that remedy.
The interests of the parties were properly set forth in the bill, as was finally determined by the decree and its affirmance in this court, and it is contended that in such case the statute requires the court to apportion the solicitor’s fee among all the parties in interest in *501the suit. If that were true, the statute was not obeyed in this case, since the widow was relieved from any contribution. But we cannot adopt such construction. The rights and interests of the parties to be stated in the bill include every interest,—whether in fee, for years, for life, in dower,—and of all persons entitled to the reversion, remainder or inheritance, or who, upon any contingency, may be or become entitled to any beneficiary interest in the premises. By the statute the court is directed to apportion the fees when such rights and interests are properly set forth, unless some defendant shall interpose a good and substantial defense to the bill or petition. To such a bill no defense could be successful, and to say that defendant should pay complainant’s solicitor unless he succeeded in an impossible defense would be absurd. It is evident that the good and substantial defense which may be interposed, and which will prevent the allowance of the fee, is a defense of a good and substantial character. The legislature could not have intended the statute as an illogical absurdity, and we think it should be construed as meaning that a defense, valid and substantial in character," made in good faith and on reasonable ground, should exempt a defendant from paying a solicitor of his adversary, not for services rendered to him, but for a hostile attack upon what he in good faith believes to be his substantial right. If the bill states the rights and interests of the parties correctly, a defense which is merely formal, frivolous or vexatious, or which is not undertaken in good faith, would not be regarded as good or substantial. The defense in this case was of a good and substantial character and was not undertaken without reasonable grounds, although it was overcome by evidence on the part of complainant and proved unsuccessful. In such a case it would not be equitable for the defendant to pay a part of a solicitor’s fee solely earned as his adversary.
*502The section of the statute in question was considered in Hartwell v. DeVault, 159 Ill. 325, and the same rule prevailing under the former statute was re-asserted. In that case the complainant in her original bill had not stated the names and interests of all parties, but had afterward amended her bill so as to state them. This omission was connected with the fact that the proceeding was hotly contested by the parties, and the latter fact was given as one of the reasons for refusing an allowance of a solicitor’s fee.
Appellee relies upon the decision in Walker v. Tink, 159 Ill. 323, where it was said that the rights and interests of the parties were correctly set forth in the bill and no interposed defense could be sustained. In that case a solicitor’s fee was allowed, but no good or substantial defense was even alleged, and there was an entire absence of proof tending to establish such a defense. That case was before this court on a prior appeal. (Tink v. Walker, 148 Ill. 234.) Columbus T. Walker had answered the bill for partition and filed a cross-bill, which he had afterwards amended, and it was held that his amended answer and cross-bill alleged no valid defense nor was there any proof tending to show one. The case went back to the circuit court, where the cross-bill was again amended, but when the case came up the second time there was nothing in the amendment or additional evidence which altered the situation or afforded a reason to change what was before said. There was nothing new except that appellants assigned some errors which did not concern them. That case does not conflict with what has been said above.
For the reasons given the decree will be reversed and the cause remanded.
Reversed and remanded.