In 1875 the original firm of H. B. Seutt & Company, composed of Hiram B. Seutt, Ward Dill man, William Watkins and Israel B. Curtiss, was engaged in the manufacture of barbed fencing, under a patent that had been issued to said Seutt.
Early in 1876, Curtiss and Dillman retired from the firm, and. James it. Ashley and C. H. Ashley were substituted as members thereof. The fencing made by the firm consisted of a twisted strip of metal with prongs inserted in it at- short distances, and it soon became manifest such fencing could not successfully compete with wire having barbs upon it. On the 1st of August, 1876, letters patent Ho. 180,656 were issued to H. B. Seutt, for what is known to the trade as the “ Seutt Barb,” it being a fiat metal barb inserted between twisted wires; the device patented seems to have been, principally, the contrivance of Seutt, aided by suggestions from Watkins, and the firm paid all the expense and charges of procuring the ¡latent; and the firm manufactured wire under it to a limited extent, until the 30th of September, 1876, said Watkins having in the meantime, about the first of September, sold out his interest in the business to the other members of the firm of H. B. Seutt & Company, and the business of the firm being continued under the same firm name.
In the latter part of September, 1876, a corporation was formed known as "The Joliet Wire Fence Company,” with a capital stock of §50,000, divided into 500 shares of §100 each; the patent was put into the corporation at §35,000, the machinery and stock on hand at §5,000 and §10,000 in cash was put in by A. B. Meeker, H. S. Smith, H. A. Bigelow and W. S. Brooks, in unequal proportions. By deed dated September *8229, 1876, H. B. Scutt conveyed to the firm of H. B. Scutt & Company, letters patent ¡No. 180,656; and' by deed dated September 30, 1876, the firm of II. B. Scutt & Company conveyed to the Joliet Wire Fence Company, said letters patent ¡No. 180,656.
The original subscriptions of stock made upon the stock subscription hook of the corporation were evidently of a merely preliminary character, and made for the purpose of convenience in the organization of the company in accordance with the agreement that had been entered into between the firm of II. B. Scutt & Company and ¡Messrs. Meeker, Smith, Bigelow and Brooks, and after the organization was completed some of the first stock certificates were surrendered and canceled, and new certificates issued in lieu thereof, so that after October 3, 1876, the stock of the company was owned and held as follows: 250 shares by II. B. Scutt & Company, eighty-five shares by Meeker, eighty-five shares by Brooks, fifty shares by Smith and thirty shares by Bigelow.
The Joliet Wire Fence Company manufactured and sold the “ Scutt Barb,” which was supposed or claimed to be covered and secured by letters patent No. 180,656, and the business done by it was both extensive and profitable. On the first day of October, 1817, C. N. Ashley, of the firm of II. B. Scutt & Company, sold to Daniel Robertson, appellee in the present controversy, eighty shares of stock in the corporation for $10,000, and a certificate of stock for said eighty shares signed by Scutt, appellant herein, as president of the company, was issued to Robertson. At the time of this purchase of stock by Robertson the title to letters patent No. 180,656 stood vested of record in the Joliet Wire Fence Company, the deeds from H. B. Scutt to II. B. Scutt & Company from the latter to the corporation having been duly recorded in the patent office on October 19, 1876.
In December, 1876, the Washburn & Moen Manufacturing Company and I. L. Elwood, who claimed to own and control the patents under which barb wire of any description could be manufactured, in other words the “bottom patents” covering barb wire fencing, instituted two suits in the United *83States Court at Chicago against the Joliet Wire Fence Company, claiming an infringement of their patents and seeking to enjoin the last named company from manufacturing barb wire. In the latter part of 1S78, as this litigation was still pending, and, as the Joliet company had made a large amount of barbed wire and very considerable sums were claimed by the Washburn & Moen Company and by Elwood for damages, the stockholders in the Joliet company were exceedingly anxious with reference to the results of the litigation. The profits of the business were, therefore, distributed among the stockholders about as fast as earned, and on the 18th of August, 1878, the capital stock of the company was reduced from 850,000 to §10,000. Prior to this time there had been a diversity of opinion among the stockholders; Meeker, Smith, Brooks and Bigelow desiring large and frequent dividends, and Scutt, Robertson and the two Aslileys insisting that the profits should be retained by the corporation and used in extending its business. In the fall of 1878 the four stockholders first mentioned were desirous of closing up the business of the wire fence company and retiring from the barb wire business, and anxious that an arrangement should be made with the Wash-burn & Moen Company and Elwood, whereby all liability for damages should be released and they allowed to retain the moneys they had made; and while Scutt, Robertson and J. R. and C. ET. Ashley were also desirous of securing immunity from damages, they were also, each of them, anxious to continue the manufacture of barbed wire. In September or October, 1878, Scutt, who was president of the fence company, was sent by that company to Worcester for the purpose of conferring with the Washburn & Moen Company and ascertaining whether or not a compromise could be effected which would stop the pending litigation and release the fence company and'its stockholders from all claim for damages. Upon his return he reported that a settlement could be made relieving the corporation from damages, hut only on condition that the corporation would close up its business and assign all its patents to the Washburn & Moen Company; and that Mr. Washburn would be in Chicago in ETovember or December. *84and that a conference could be had and settlement made with him at that time.
At a meeting of the board of directors of the wire fence company, held on the 18th day of November, 1878, the following resolution was unanimously adopted:
“Whereas, the Washburn & Moen Manufacturing Company and I. L. Ehvood have, by tlieir attorney, made certain overtures for settlement of the litigation now pending between this company and the parties above mentioned; be it resolved by the hoard of directors of the Joliet Wire Fence Company? that its president be appointed a committee of one, with power to confer with said parties and to act as may, in his judgment, he deemed best for the interests of this company, and upon the following terms, which are agreed to, to wit: ‘The Wash-burn & Moen Manufacturing Company to grant full indemnity for all damages for the past and up to January 1, 1879, and the Joliet Wire Fence Company to retire from the business of manufacturing barbed fence-wire at that time, and to assign all patents under their control to the Washburn & Moen Manufacturing Company.5 55
On the 5tli day of December, 1878, at a meeting of said board of directors then held, the following resolution was adopted, to wit:
“Resolved, by the board of directors of the Joliet Wire Fence Company, this day convened in regular session, that the executive committee of this board he and they are hereby authorized to sell to any responsible parties the machinery, tools, fixtures, contracts for labor, leases, and all the franchises, etc., of this, the said Joliet Wire Fence Company, at such price and at such terms as to them may seem a fair valuation for the same, and to deliver possession thereof on the first day of January, A. D. 1879.”
The Joliet Wire Fence Company, by-H. B. Scutt, its president, by deed dated December 12,1878, conveyed letters patent No. 180,656, to Hiram B. Scutt; and said Hiram B. Scutt by deed dated December 18, 1878, conveyed said letters patent to the Washburn & Moen Manufacturing Company. On the same 18th day of December the wire fence company, at *85a meeting of its Board of Directors, reconsidered so much of the resolution adopted on December 5th as referred to the sale of the franchises of the company, and adopted the resolution following, to wit;
“Resolved, by the Board of Directors of the Joliet "Wire Fence Company that they do hereby ratify the assignment to H. B. Scutt of the following described letters patent, to wit; letters patent ¡No. 180,656, dated August 1, 1876, and letters patent ¡No. 193,557, dated July 24, 1877, applied for and granted to H. B. "Scutt, patentee and assignor. And that said company also assign to said Scutt all their right, title and interest, if any, in and to all letters patent under which they have been operating, or hold under their control.”
On the same 18th day of December the Washburn & ¡M¡oen Manufacturing Company executed to the Joliet Wire Fence Company a release of all damages, and on the same day a written agreement was entered into by the Washburn & Moen Company and Hiram B. Scutt, and approved by I. L. ElwoocL This agreement contained some twenty-six sections, in the first of which it was stated that the Washburn & Moen Manufacturing Company granted to Hiram B. Scutt, doing business or proposing to do business under the firm name and style of II. B. Scutt & Company, a license to manufacture, use and vend to others 500 tons, in each calendar year during the continuance of the license and agreement, of certain designated styles of barbed fence-wire, under certain letters patent therein enumerated; and it was provided in the second section that Scutt should have the privilege of associating with him in the manufacturing of barbed fence-wire under the license, not to exceed three co-partners in number, as he might choose, at any one time, provided each and every one of said co-partners should first subscribe to the terms and conditions of the license and enter into a written obligation to that effect; and provided also, that the business should always be conducted by said Scutt or said Scutt and associate or associates under the style and firm name of H. B. Scutt & Company.
On the said 18th day of December, 1878, Hiram B. Scutt, *86who had negotiated and transacted at Chicago, with Mr*. Wash-bum, of the Washburn & Moen Company, the business pertaining to the settlement of the matters in controversy between the latter company and the Joliet Wire Fence Company, returned to Joliet on the evening train with the above mentioned license, and at once exhibited it to Bobertson and James B. Ashley, he meeting them by appointment.
A new firm of EL B. Scutt & Company was organized shortly thereafter, consisting of Hiram B. Scutt, Daniel Bobertson and James B. Ashley; C. FT. Ashley had also expected to be a member of such firm, and it was the understanding of his brother and of Bobertson that he was to be a partner, but an objection being made to him by Scutt, lie was persuaded by his brother to not insist upon going into the co-partnership. The new firm bought the machinery and some of the manufactured stock of the wire fence company, and the contract the latter had with the penitentiary authorities for convict labor was transferred to it; and early in January, 1879, the firm commenced to do business as manufacturers of barbed fence-wire under the license.
On the 81st day of December, 1878, Bobertson and J. BAsliley executed a written agreement whereby they agreed to be bound by the agreement between the Washburn & Moen Company and H. B. Scutt during the time they were members of the firm of H. B. Scutt & Company the same as though they were original parties to the same, and promised and agreed to execute each and every requirement thereof in good faith for the term they might be associated with said Scutt in the business of manufacturing said barbed wire. There were no written articles of copartnership entered into by the partners, but the agreement between them was they should each contribute equal amounts to the capital of the firm and should share in the profits equally. The license by its original terms was in force until the 31st day of December, 1885; but by a modification made January 20, 1881, by agreement between the Washburn & Moen Company and the firm, and approved by I. L. Ehvood, it was extended to be in full force and effect for the period of seventeen years from the 27th day of February, *87lS87,or until the 37th day of February, 1894, and the tonnage of the firm was increased to 5,000 tons per year.
IL B. Scutt & Company continued to manufacture fence-wire, doing a large and profitable business, until the 19th day of September, 1881, when James R. Ashley sold out his interest in the firm to Scutt & Robertson for §53,333.33. The tangible assets of the firm at that time, after deducting all debts owing by them, were over §165,000. By the written agreement made by the parties at the date of the withdrawal of said Ashley from the firm, he conveyed to Scutt & Robertson, among other things, all his right, title and interest in and to the contracts, licenses and patents of the firm. The business was continued by Scutt & Robertson, under the same firm name, until the 30th of June or 1st day of July, 1883. In the latter part of March or early part of April of that year Scutt served upon Robertson a written notice that on the 30th day of June, 1883, he would withdraw from the firm of H. B. Scutt & Company, and that from the time of such withdrawal the use of his name in the business, except so far as might be necessary to close up the business of the firm, would not be allowed. For some time prior to the 33d day of April, 1883, Scutt liad been endeavoring to sell the tonnage license from the Washburn & Moen Company, and the property and business of the firm of II. B. Scutt & Company. At the date last stated he executed two written agreements, by one of which lie agreed, in consideration of §45,000, to assign and transfer to H. B. Scutt & Company, Limited, in Pittsburg, in due form, on or before the 1st day of July, 1883, all rights and licenses held by him, either in his own right or in trust for others, for the manufacture and sale of barbed wire and the use of machines for the manufacture thereof, to include all rights enjoyed by him or II. B. Scutt & Company, of Joliet, in connection with said business, and especially all licenses granted by the Washburn & Moen Manufacturing Company and 1. L. El wood, authorizing the manufacture and sale of 4,000 tons of barbed wire per annum. By the other of said agreements, executed by H. B. Scutt & Company, the machine shop, machines, tools, good will and business of the firm *88of H. B. Scutt & Company were sold to H. B. Sentí & Company, Limited, of Pittsburg, for $20,000, the delivery of the property to take place July 1, 1882. In accordance with the provisions of this latter contract the property incliided therein was delivered to H. B. Scutt & Company, Limited, on the said 1st day of July. On the same day Scntt wrote to the Wash-burn & Moen Manufacturing Company and I. L. Elwood as follows:
“I have this day assigned to Messrs. II. B. Scutt & Company, Limited, the privilege of manufacturing and selling four thousand tons of barbed wire per annum out of five thousand tons which I am authorized to make by virtue of the license granted by you. I therefore - authorize you to cancel my license to that extent, and to grant a new license to the above company for four thousand tons, or to cancel all the outstanding licenses, substituting therefor a new one to them for four thousand tons, and to me for one thousand tons per annum.”
On the 3d day of August, 1883, Daniel Robertson exhibited in the Will Circuit Court the bill of complaint now under consideration, against Hiram B. Scutt, for the settlement of the partnership accounts of the late firm of H. B. Scutt & Company. The bill, among other things, alleged that the co-partnership obtained, owned and possessed a license from the Washburn & Mocn Manufacturing Company and Isaac L. Elwood to manufacture barbed wire, under which the firm operated and paid royalty, and charged that Scutt, without the knowledge or consent of the complainant, sold, assigned and conveyed the said license and the tonnage and other rights acquired by said firm thereunder to H. B. Scutt & Company, Limited, or to some other corporation, firm or person unknown, for the sum of $15,000; that Scutt had paid no part thereof to complainant, or accounted to him -or to the firm therefor; but, on the contrary, liad concealed said sale from complainant for a long time after it was made, and denied to him that he had sold the same; and that Scutt now pretends that said license and tonnage was his own property, but that said license and tonnage was in truth and in fact the property of the firm of H. B. Scutt & Company, composed of complainant and said H. B. Scutt.
*89The substantial and controlling issue made by the bill was whether or not the license of December 18, 1S78, was the property and an asset of the late firm of H. B. Scutt & Company. A hearing was had before the court upon the pleadings and the proofs, and an order and decree entered on November 14, 1885, which contained the special findings of fact, to wit:
“ First. That on or about January 1, 1879, Hiram B. Scutt, James B. Ashley and Daniel Bobertson entered into a co-partnership as equal co-partners, share and share alike, under the firm name and style of ‘ H. B. Scutt & Company.’
11 Second. That the agreement and license of dateDecember 18, 1878, from the Washburn & Moen Manufacturing Company, and approved by I. L. Elwood, named in said bill of complaint and as amended subsequent to its date and prior to the withdrawal of James B. Ashley from the said firm of ‘II. B. Scutt & Company,’ was equitably an asset and the property of the said co-partnership of ‘ H. B. Scutt & Company.’ composed of Hiram B. Scutt, James B. Ashley and Daniel Bobertson, and so continued until the withdrawal of the said James B. Ashley from the said firm of ‘ H. B. Scutt & Company.’
“Third. That on or about the 13th day of September, A. D. 1881, the said James B. Ashley retired from the said co-partnership of c H. B. Scutt & Company,’ and on said day last named the said James B. Ashley sold, assigned, transferred and delivered to said Hiram B. Scutt and Daniel Bobertson, in equal shares, all his right, title and interest in and to the assets and property of the said co-partnership of 6 H. B. Scutt & Company,’ including the said license above named, as part and parcel of the co-partnership property of •' H. B. Scutt & Company.’
“Fourth. That at once, upon the withdrawal of said James B. Ashley from the said firm of ‘ II. B. Scutt & Company,3 Iliram Scutt and Daniel Bobertson continued a partnership under the name, style and firm of lH. B. Scutt & Company,3 continuing the business of the old copartnership of 6 H. B. Scutt & Company ’ under the same name and style, and that *90in the new firm of ‘ II. B. Scntt & Company ’ said Hiram B. Scutt and Daniel Robertson became and were equal co-partners, share and share alike, and that the new firm of ‘H. B. Scutt & Company ” continued as thus formed until dissolved by mutual consent on or about the 1st day of July, A. D. 1882.
“ Fifth. That the said Hiram B. Scutt and Daniel Robertson brought into the new co-partnership of ‘H. B. Scutt & Company,’ as capital in equal shares, share and share alike, the assets and property which were of the old firm of ‘ II. B. Scutt & Company ’ then remaining, and that the said license above named from Washburn & JVIoen Manufacturing Company, approved by I. L. Elwood, of date December 18, 1818, as amended, became and was the property of the new firm of ‘ H. B. Scutt & Company,’ composed of Hiram B. Scutt and Daniel Robertson, and that the said Hiram B. Scutt and Daniel Robertson, as such co-partners, became and were equally interested, share and share alike, in the same as sole owners thereof, and of all moneys, debts, evidences of debt, assets and property arising or to arise on account thereof.”
The cause was then referred to the master in chancery to state an account with his findings with reference thereto, said account to be stated in accordance with findings of the court-
The cause was again heard by the court at the September term, 1886, upon exceptions filed by Scutt, the defendant, to the report made by the master of his findings and statement of account. This report of the master was quite voluminous and contained twelve especial findings, the eighth and twelfth of which were as follows:
“I charge H. B. Scutt with §600, the amount of a book account of H. B. Scutt & Company against Daniel C. Stover, which I find was settled by deed of patent from Stover to John F. Scutt, made at the special request of H. B. Scutt, and with interest on said amount from March 8, 1883, the date of settlement, to September 30, 1886, at the rate of six per cen., making a total of §727.70.
“ Twelfth. I find that H. B. Scutt, at the dissolution of the partnership of H. B. Scutt & Company on July 1, 1882, *91returned and appropriated to his own use 1,000 tons of tonnage covered by the license of Washburn & Moen and I. L. Elwood to H. B. Scutt, and that said tonnage was of the value of $11,250, being the same value per ton as the 4,000 tons of tonnage sold to H. B. Scntt & Company, Limited, by II. B. Scutt. I therefore charge H. B. Scutt with $11,250, with interest thereon from July 1, 18S1, to September 30, 1888, at the rate of six per cent, per annum, amounting, principal and interest, to the sum of 814,109.35.”
The court sustained the exceptions of the defendant to the eighth and twelfth findings of the master, and overruled all other of his exceptions to the report; and the report was referred back to the master to re-state the account in conformity with the order of the court then made.
The cause was again heard by the court on the 25th day of February, 1887, on exceptions filed by each of the parties to the suit to the second report and the statement of account made by the master, and all of said respective exceptions were overruled by the court, and said second report of the master approved, and a final decree was thereupon entered, based upon said second report, in favor of Daniel ¡Robertson and against Hiram B. Scutt, for the sum of $30,063.88 and costs, and execution awarded therefor.
From this final decree Hiram B. Scntt has taken this appeal and has assigned errors upon the record; and Daniel ¡Robertson, appellee, has assigned cross-errors.
The material question to he determined upon the assignments of error made by appellant is whether or not the Circuit Court erred in finding that the license issued by the Washburn & Moen Manufacturing Company, with the consent of Isaac L. Elwood, to H. B. Scutt, of date December 18,1878, with the amendments thereto, was the partnership property and in equity an asset of the late firm of H. B Scutt & Company; the cross-errors question the ruling of the court sustaining exceptions to the eighth and twelfth findings contained in the first report of the master.
The evidence found in the record is so very voluminous and conflicting that it can not well be compared and discussed *92within reasonable limits, and we shall therefore not here undertake so to do to any considerable extent. In our opinion, the proofs sustain the finding of the court that the license was equitably an asset, and the property of the co-partnership of H. B. Scutt & Company; without stopping to consider the antecedent status and ownership of letters patent No. 180,-656, it is clear from the evidence, that on September 29,1876, appellant,'by his deed of that date, conveyed said letters patent to the old firm of H. B. Scutt & Company, and that they, by their deed of September 30, 1876, conveyed said letters patent to the Joliet Wire Fence Company, and that such conveyances were absolute in their terms and were duly recorded in the patent office in October of that year. It is also clear from the evidence, that when appellee, on the first day of October, 1887, purchased, for the consideration of §10,000 in cash, eighty shares of capital stock in the Joliet Wire Fence Company, from C. NT. Ashley, then a member of the old firm of H. B. Scutt <& Company, and obtained a stock certificate therefor, signed by appellant as president of the corporation, the title to these letters patent stood vested' of record in the wire fence company"; that said letters patent had theretofore been put into the capital stock of the company at §35,000, and that appellant' was not claiming or asserting any right, title or interest, either legal or equitable, in or to said letters patent, other than that which he held as a stockholder in the corporation. Appellee, therefore, had full right to rely upon their being the absolute property of the corporation.
The decided weight of the evidence is that at and prior to the negotiations had by appellant with Mr. Washburn at Worcester early in the fall of 1878, and up to the time of the final settlement with the Washburn & Moen Company at Chicago and the procurement of the license, it was the understanding and agreement between appellant and those of the stockholders of the wire fence company who desired to continue the manufacture of the barbed wire fencing, that the mission of appellant in his negotiations with the Washburn & Moen Company included not only procuring indemnity against damages for wire already made and sold, but also the making of *93some arrangement whereby the fence wire business could be continued. The testimony of Robertson, James R. Ashley, Cyrus H. Ashley and W. S. Brooks is all expressly to that effect, and is sufficient to overcome the testimony of appellant to the contrary. We also think it evident from the testimony of Brooks, and the other evidence in the case, that it was known and understood by all the stockholders that the business was to be continued after a settlement with the Washburn & Moen Company, by a portion of the members of the wire fence company, either as a corporation or otherwise, and that they all acquiesced in such arrangement and in such continuance of the business; and that on the return of appellant from Worcester he reported to them a release of damages could be procured and a license for future operations obtained, but only upon condition the corporation was dissolved and all the patents held by it, including letters patent Ho, 180,656, were assigned to the Washburn & Moen Company, and a firm organized instead of a corporation, to which the license should be granted. It was plainly, in furtherance of the desires of those of the stockholders who did not wish to continue in the barbed wire business, and in furtherance of their interests as they understood them, that the proposed arrangement should be carried out in its entirety. These outside stockholders were all engaged in other business and had discovered they could not continue business pleasantly with Robertson and the members of the old firm of H. B. Scutt & Company. They were anxious to get out of the fence-wire business and be relieved of all liability for damages, and it was of interest to them that some person or persons, or corporation, should continue the manufacture of wire, to whom they could dispose of their machinery, tools, stock, contracts and other property connected with the manufacture of fence-wire.
We think it very plain from the direct evidence, from the surrounding circumstances, from the conduct of the wire fence company and each and every of its stockholders, and from the inherent probabilities of the case, that it was fully understood and agreed by all the stockholders, not only that the patents *94should be assigned to the Washburn & Moen Company, but all the rights, titles, interests and benefits that should accrue from the proposed license, to be issued by the Washburn & Roen Company, should vest in and be the property of the firm that should be formed to continue the manufacturing of barbed wire.
It is objected that by the arrangement and agreement as testified to by Robertson and J. R. and C. R. Ashley, said C. R. Ashley was to have been a member of the new firm; that if the fence company was the absolute owner of the letters patent and conveyed the same to Seutt in trust, it was only in trust to secure indemnity for all damages for the past up to January 1, 1879, and that‘even in trust for any licenses it was in trust for four—Seutt, Robertson and the two Ashleys—and that if Seutt was an agent to procure the license he was an agent for the four persons mentioned, and not the agent of Robertson, James R. Ashley and himself alone. Brooks testifies, in substance, that Seutt made a verbal report when all the members of the corporation were present, that Washburn would have nothing to do with a corporation, it must he a firm; that if they would dissolve the corporation and make an assignment to him of the patents in their hands, he would, in consideration of this and of their forming a company and taking out a license, give them immunity for the past; and that his report was adopted and they agreed to make a settlement. While it is evident from the testimony that it was fully understood by all the stockholders that it was a part of the proposed settlement that a license should be issued to such firm as should he formed by members of the fence company, yet it does not appear that the corporation was ever advised what particular stockholders would enter the proposed firm, or that the individual stockholders, excluding appellant, appellee and the two Ashleys, had such information. So, whatever trust there was in that behalf, was for the benefit of such of the stockholders as. should actually become members of the proposed new firm of H. B. Seutt & Company. If Seutt was in fact the agent of the firm in obtaining the license in his own name for the benefit of himself and his co-partners in *95the contemplated firm of H. B. Scutt & Company, and one of the four Avas afterward, by the aefc and procurement of Scutt himself, excluded and prevented from becoming a member of the firm, and the person so excluded acquiesced in such exclusion and waived all his claims in that behalf, and is making no complaint in regard thereto, and the others also acquiesced in such exclusion, and the firm was actually organized with three members instead of four, then Scutt should be held to be estopped in equity from now claiming he Avas not the agent, in procuring such license, of the persons avIiu became co-partners Avhen the firm Avas actually formed.
In our opinion the language used in the first and second sections of the license negotiated by Scutt and dated December 18,1878, and the fact that on his return to Joliet from Chicago Avitli the license he met appellee and James R. Ashley, by appointment, and displayed to them such license, are strongly corroborative of the claim that in procuring such license he Avas not acting for himself alone, but as the agent of those who Avere about to form the ncAv firm, and purchase the property of the Joliet Wire Fence Company. Strongly corroborative of the same theory, and at variance Avith the defense noAV made by him, are the statements contained in his letter of December 9, 1878, to C. Boiltclier, of Boulder, Colorado, in Avhich he says, in his own baud writing:
“Now our affairs AA-ear a different aspect. A combination has been formed composed of the leading Avire manufacturers, and including the Washburn & Moen Manufacturing Company and I. L. Ehvood & Company, making the Glidden wire,- and ourselves, or rather H. B. Scutt & Company, Avho Avill succeed this company on January 1st next. This combination controls all the valid patents on barb wire,' and goes into effect January 1st. The price of Avire will be advanced to 10 e. in car lots, or one half c. more than yon paid. II. B. Scutt & Company assume the liabilities and assets of J.. W. E. Co.55
In the written agreement signed by appellant, appellee and J. R. Ashley, dated September 19, 1881, executed on the occasion of the AvitlidraAval of the latter from the firm, it is *96stated that Ashley conveys to Scutt and Robertson all his right, title and interest in and to the licenses of the firm; and it is the uncontradicted testimony that the firm held no license other than that dated December 18, 1878, executed by the Washburn &Moen Manufacturing Company and approved by Isaac L. Ehvood, and the amendments thereto. This circumstance shows that this license was at that time regarded by the copartners as the property of the firm, although, from the evidence, it is probable it was not then considered, at least by said Ashley and appellee, to be of an.y considerable pecuniary or salable value. It ' is also a- circumstance worthy of notice that as late as the 22d of April, 1882, appellant, in the secret written agreement he made .with H. B. Scutt & Company, Limited, for the sale of 4,000 tons of the tonnage covered by the license, expressly mentions and includes rights and licenses held by him in trust for others and all rights enjoined by H. B. Scutt & Company of Joliet.
We deem it unnecessary to refer to numerous other facts and circumstances in proof. There are some matters of considerable probative force that tend to prove the theory of the case contended for by appellant. NotEible among these is the difference between the “consent” which was signed by appellee and James R. Ashley, the substance of which we have given in the statement of the case, and the agreement provided for by the terms of the contract made by appellant with the Washburn & Moen Manufacturing Company, and by which appellant was bound, and the fact that Ashley refused to sign an agreement which would have bound them for and during the period of the existence of the license. Notable, also, is the absence from the inventory that was made of the assets of the firm at the time of the sale of the interest of Ashley to Scutt and Robertson, of all mention of or valuation upon the license. In our opinion, however, especially in view of the circumstances of explanation found in the record a.nd of the weight of the evidence considered as a whole, these facts are not of controlling influence. Our conclusion is, that the alleged errors insisted upon by appellant are not well assigned.
If the tonnage of 4,000 tons per annum which was sold *97and transferred by appellant to H. B. Seutt & Go., Limited, was equitably an asset and the property of the firm of H. B. Seutt & Company, composed of appellant and appellee, then the remaining 1,000 tons of yearly tonnage, they both being parcels of the 5,000 tons of annual tonnage included in the license as amended, was also equitably an asset and the property of the co-partnership of H. B. Seutt & Company, composed of appellant and appellee. The evidence, as we understand it, shows that this 1,000 tons of tonnage was at or about the time of the sale and delivery to H. B. Seutt & Company, Limited, and of the dissolution of the firm, of H. B. Seutt & Company, of Joliet, appropriated and converted by appellant to his own use. It was included in the license for 5,000 tons, which was, on the first day of July, 1882, surrendered to the Washburn & Moen Company for cancellation, with a request a license for the 1,000 tons should he issued to him, Seutt. This was done without the knowledge or consent of Robertson, and the fact it was or had been done was studiously concealed from the latter, notwithstanding his repeated inquiries for information. The license and its several amendments were in fact canceled, but no new license was issued to Seutt for the 1,000 tons. The license or tonnage to the amount of the 1,000 tons, in some way or manner or by some arrangement which is not male clear by the evidence, remained in the hands of the Wash-burn & Moen Company, but Seutt got the benefit of it. On his direct examination Seutt testified that the 1,000 tons of tonnage is owned by him, and that he is still manufacturing under it. On his cross-examination he said, “that thousand tons still remains in my name. It is my individual property, and I am manufacturing under it to-day, and am reporting to Washburn & Moen Manufacturing Company my sales.” From his acts and his claim of exclusive ownership, it must he presumed, as against himself, that he has converted and appropriated it to his own use. If the 1,000 tons of tonnage was the property of the firm, and Scntt denied the title of his partner therein, and by his pro*98curement, in disregard of the rights of his eo-partner, the license therefor was surrendered and canceled, and the benefits derived from such surrender and cancellation appropriated by him to his own individual use, it would seem he should, in equity, account for the value of such tonnage. The evidence is very clear that this tonnage was a salable property, and could readily and easily have been sold and disposed of for the benefit of the firm. In Ligare v. Peacock, 109 Ill. 94, it was held that if a partner, after dissolution of a partnership, retains the possession of partnership property and appropriates it to his own use, he must account for it at its fair cash value. In Laswell v. Pobbins, 39 Ill. 202, it was held that where a partner lias been intrusted with partnership property and has it under his control he must be charged with its value, and to discharge himself he must account for its disposition and what he has done with the proceeds; and that in such case the one partner only has to show that the other received the property and its value, and the presumption then arises that lie is liable, and to discharge himself he must show some legal defense. The master in his first report charged appellazit with this 1,000 tons, and fozmd that said tonnage was of the value of §11,250, being the same value per ton as the price at which the 4,000 tons were sold to H. B. Scntt & Company 5 Limited. The evidence of the witnesses Lambert, Connell, Curtis, Bishop, Watkins, Collins and Lord, fully sustains the finding of the master in respect to the value of this tonnage. We think the Circuit Court erred in sustaining the exceptions of appellant to the twelfth special finding contained in the first report of the master, and in overruling the exceptions taken by appellee in respect to the same matter to the second report of the master, and we think the cross-error assigned by appellee in that behalf is well assigned, and that the final decree rendered by the court should have included the moiety of appellee in this §11,250, with interest thereon at the rate of six per cent, per annum from July 1, 1882, to the date of the decree.
In respect to the ruling of the court sustaining the exceptions of appellant to the eighth special finding of the master *99we find no error. The testimony of appellee himself shows that it was with his knowledge and consent that Scutt made the arrangement with Stover, by which the account of the firm against Stover was settled by the assignment of patent Ho. 164,947.
For the error of the Circuit Court in refusing to allot as a co-partnership charge against appellant the item of §11,250 and interest thereon, for the conversion and appropriation to liis own use of the 1,000 tons of tonnage included in the license as amended, the decree of that court is reversed, and the cause is remanded to said court with directions to enter a final decree in favor of Daniel Bobertson and against Hiram B. Scutt, not only for the several items of charge included in the decree hereby reversed, but also including a further charge for the moiety of or equal one-half interest of appellee in said §11,250, with interest thereon at the rate of six per cent, per annum from July 1, 1882, to the date of the entry of the decree. And it is further ordered that the costs of this appeal be taxed to appellant
Affirmed in 'part and reserved i/n jpart.