delivered the opinion of the court.
In this cause we have been compelled to search the record to ascertain who were the parties defendant in the circuit court and appellants in this court. The appeal is subject to dismissal for failure to present an abstract under the rules.
Appellees, having severally recovered judgments against appellants Oliver Standley and Pearl Standley in the circuit court of Shelby county, on October 17, 1923, for the total sum of $10,000.55, and executions issued upon said judgments having been returned “not satisfied,” presented their bill of complaint to that court to set aside a conveyance by quitclaim deed made by appellants Oliver Standley and Pearl Standley, husband and wife, purporting to convey to appellant J. E. Dazey, then president of the First National Bank of Findley, eighty acres of land, with the crops thereon, in Shelby county. It was charged and proven that Oliver Standley owned an undivided one-half interest in said lands; that Pearl Standley owned a life estate in the other undivided one-half interest, and that the eighty acres was free from all incumbrances, and charged that the lands were of the value of sixteen thousand dollars. The deed stated a purported consideration of one dollar only and was filed for record about ten minutes before the entry of the judgments. Appellants Standleys lived upon *298the lands and, with eighty acres adjoining which were leased, worked the same as a farm, upon which, at the time of said conveyance, there was a considerable amount of corn standing “not shucked,” and Oliver Standley had a considerable number of horses, a tractor, stock and farm tools with which he farmed and worked said lands. Later, on March 14, 1924, appellant Oliver Standley presented his petition to the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Illinois, praying to be adjudicated a bankrupt. In this petition appellant scheduled indebtedness in addition to said judgments, a personal property tax of $27 and $55.40 of indebtedness only. He listed property — household goods — of the value of $35, one cow and three calves of the value of $50, and two hundred bushels of corn of the value of $100, all of which was claimed as exempt property, and in addition appellant scheduled a section of land known as section five, further described as being in Chicot county, Arkansas, subject to an incumbrance of $8,300 and as of the value of $17,300. This land, purporting to have been conveyed by appellant J. E. Dazey to Oliver and Pearl Standley, on October 17, 1923, for a purported consideration of one dollar, was presented to this suit and to the bankruptcy court as the consideration which appellant Dazey pretended to give to the Standleys for the eighty acres of land in Shelby county. The deed had never been recorded. It purported to have been acknowledged before one C. E. Coventry, who was an assistant cashier in Dazey’s bank, on said 17th day of October, 1923. The United States District Court refused to adjudicate Oliver Standley as a bankrupt on the ground of fraud. One J. J. Baker was appointed trustee in bankruptcy by that court, and the trustee has filed a supplementary bill in this suit and now becomes the appellee in this cause.
The decree found that the conveyance of the Standley land to appellant Dazey was without consideration *299and. was made by appellants with the fraudulent intent of hindering and delaying the appellees as judgment creditors in the collection of their debts, and that appellant Dazey had knowledge of said fraudulent purpose and participated in the fraud. The decree further found that the Arkansas land was of no value and set aside the conveyance by the Standleys to Dazey as to the judgments, subject to the homestead right of Oliver Standley and Pearl Standley in the eighty acres of land in Shelby county. Appellants have appealed.
It is contended by appellants that there was a good and valid consideration paid by Dazey for the Standley land, and that Dazey was not a party to and had no knowledge of any fraudulent intent to defraud the appellees. It is insisted by appellants that the record does not establish a fraudulent transaction. We have read the testimony carefully and examined the exhibits and given both due and ample consideration. There is no contention about the law applicable to the case. The lands in Arkansas were “cut over,” stump lands, not situated upon a public highway, having no earning value, incumbered by a mortgage to the amount of $8,300 and in which appellant Dazey and his grantor, one Vennum, connected with Dazey in the bank, neither had any legal or equitable title. It was shown by voluble letters, purporting to have been written by Dazey to Standley shortly before the transaction, that Standley should under no consideration think of making the trade unless Standley’s three sons, all of whom were engaged in other farming operations or occupations, would join him, and he provided for a large sum of money to erect buildings, saw mills and development improvements for which purposes Dazey proposed to loan Standley a small portion of the requisite sum, namely, five thousand dollars. Standley and Dazey lived only about ten miles from each other *300and were connected by telephone, yet they appear to have written letters to each other of great length in regard to this transaction shortly before October 17, 1923. The envelopes nowhere appear. Dazey appears by the letterheads to be president of the First National Bank of Findley and an attorney at law. Vennum was cashier of the bank and Coventry was assistant cashier. One letter appears under date of August 20, 1923. In the letter Dazey states: “I want you to fully understand that I would not advise you to make a trade for this land unless yourself and boys are to move on it and go to work developing it, and I will not make a loan of $4,800 a section unless it is understood that you are to move on it as above stated. I realize that it is some task to mpve and get settled and that I would not require you to do so under one year.” The substance of this statement is repeated three or four times in this letter. Under date of October 12,1923, Dazey purports to write Standley another letter acknowledging a purported letter from Standley in which Standley has agreed to trade lands. In this letter Dazey agrees to loan Standley five thousand dollars and two or three times it is reiterated: “I have explained to you that you do not get the right to the hickory timber that is in litigation, and you are getting the right to redeem. I wanted you to know just how it all stands, and I agree to furnish $5,000.00 for that purpose. I want you to know just what you are getting, as I told you without your labor I do not think this would be a good trade for you, but even just yourself with what nigger help you could hire I then think it would be a good trade,” etc. The letters pretend to state that Vennum owns the land and if the' trade is made Dazey will have to purchase the lands from Vennum. As to Vennum’s title to the lands in question, the Jackson-Vreeland Land Corporation on December 31,1919, conveyed said section five, with other *301lands, to Mnnsell and Asians, subject to a mortgage for $20,400, which grantees assumed and agreed to pay. On April 10, 1920, Munsell and Askins conveyed said section five to E. M. Vennum, subject to a mortgage for $4,800. In April, 1922, upon a foreclosure by the Bank of Saginaw, Michigan, against the JacksonVreeland Land Corporation upon the mortgage mentioned, the title to all of section five had passed to the Bank of Saginaw by a commissioner’s deed, and said lands were owned by the Bank of Saginaw on October 17,1923. The laws of Arkansas provide that upon the foreclosure of a mortgage the owner of the land when in possession may redeem within one year after the sale. On January 8, 1923, Vennum brought suit to redeem. He was not able to establish possession. Nothwithstanding possession, the Bank of Saginaw offered to accept its money, whereupon Vennum suffered a nonsuit and did not pay. On November 26, 1923, Vennum filed a lis pendens, and another suit to redeem, regardless of his conveyance to Dazey, and was defeated.
It is interesting to note the deed (quitclaim) which is represented to have been given by Vennum to Dazey on September 22, 1923, and which recites: “This deed is subject to all existing record liens, as well as all accrued taxes and special assessments against said lands, and the rights to ascertain suit now pending for the cutting of the hickory timber from said lands.” Coventry purports to have taken Vennum’s acknowledgment to said deed on September 22, 1923, and certifies : “My commission expires November 28, 1927.” How did Coventry know he was to be reappointed notary public on November 28,1923, for another term? Nothing could be plainer than that the Vennum and Dazey deeds were after-thoughts and that there was not even a pretended consideration on October 17, 1923. The deeds from Vennum to Dazey and from Dazey to the Standleys were never recorded and were *302never heard of by appellees until the bankruptcy proceedings in 1924. This view is strongly corroborated by the particularity in and laborious correspondence which passed between Dazey and Standley prior to the pretended transaction. The title, to section five passed from the Bank of Saginaw to the Jerome Hardwood Lumber Company for a consideration of one dollar on January 29, 1924. The records in evidence fur-, ther established that all regular and special taxes assessed upon section five, running from eight to twelve hundred dollars per annum, were in default and not paid for the years 1919, 1920, 1921 and 1922 and the land had been sold for taxes. As to the value of the land, the witness Breckenridge had been a civil engineer and surveyor for thirty-five years, and at the request of appellant Dazey had surveyed and cruised the lands in October, 1923. He placed a valuation upon the lands of ten to twelve dollars per acre, including all timber upon the lands, and this estimate is fairly in line with the great weight of the evidence. None of the appellants, Dazey, Vennum or Pearl Standley, testified in the cause and the testimony is overwhelming that Dazey gave no consideration for the Standley farm and knew the purpose of the entire ■transaction and doubtless conceived it.
In order to secure credit at appellee First National Bank, Oliver Standley made a statement of his property and claimed to own a threshing outfit, valued at $2,000; fourteen horses, valued at $1,400; two mules, valued at $200; thirteen cattle, valued at $400; thirty hogs, valued at $500; farm implements, valued at $500; 1,600 bushels of corn; fifty bushels of wheat and oats, valued at $800, and the undivided one-half of said eighty acres of land, which he represented to be of the value of twelve thousand dollars. His statement over his signature showed that he owed no debts. Appellee’s president, with a justice of the peace, went to the Standley home a little after noon on October 17, *3031923. A real estate mortgage and a chattel mortgage had been prepared and the officer was taken to the farm to take the acknowledgment of appellants to the instruments. There had been some talk with appellants that the bank would have to have security. The indebtedness had been accumulating for four or five years and notes had been renewed. Humphrey, the bank’s president, went into the house and talked the matter over with Mr. and Mrs. Standley. He stated to them that the bank was very anxious to get the matter fixed up that day. Standley said he would not sign the papers without consulting his lawyer. Humphrey offered to take the Standleys to consult their lawyer. They refused to go. Humphrey told them that the matter had to be fixed that day and that he was on his way to Shelbyville, the county seat. Humphrey left the Standley home at about twelve-thirty and arrived in Shelbyville at one-fifteen, and entered the notes in judgment at twenty minutes after two. The deed from the Standleys had been filed for record at just two o’clock on that day. It is conceded that Standley owned a tractor and an outfit of farming implements at the time the judgments were entered, and that the farm was stocked with cattle and horses. Standley also owned an automobile. Nevertheless, the sheriff of said county was able to levy only upon “one pile of junk, one sled, one horse, one set of tools, one set of single harness and five shares of stock in the Moweaqua .Farmers Cooperative Grain Co.” All the other personal property had been “spirited” away. Later, a schedule of personal property was presented, claimed to have been made out by his sons, and all the property listed in it was claimed as exempt in the bankruptcy court. Appellant Standley testified that all of his personal property except that scheduled, belonged to his three sons; that he left Shelby county after October 20, 1923; that his wife left with him; that they had started for Arkansas *304and went to Decatur, where they stayed a week and traded their old car for a five-passenger Ford car; that he was looking for work — “any kind óf work I could get to do to make a dollar — ”; that they left Decatur for Arkansas and went to Dana, Indiana; that they did not go to Dana but near there; that they stayed all night at a widow woman’s. “This woman was short of corn buskers and I stopped to shuck corn a while and the roads got bad. ’ ’ They left the widow’s home in February, 1924, and at that time Standley went to Arkansas for a few days. Since his return he and his wife have been living on the eighty acres of land, claiming that one of their sons, who lived at some other place, had a lease from Dazey of this eighty acre tract. The son did not testify. Dazey pretends not to have paid the taxes upon the eighty acres of land as a dutiful owner should do, but has permitted the lands to be sold for taxes and Coventry has bid them in.
The record is full, complete and most convincing that the transaction was fraudulent and entered into on the part of appellants, Oliver Standley, Pearl Standley and J. E. Dazey, for the purpose of defeating appellees in the enforcement of their judgment debts. No cross error has been assigned by appellees as to the homestead estate of the Standleys in the land. The decree, therefore, of the circuit court of Shelby county should be and is affirmed.
Affirmed.