delivered the opinion of the court.
Appellees, who are the widow, heirs at law and the executors of Henry Parker, deceased, filed this bill to construe his will. There was no evidence in the case but it was by agreement heard upon bill and answer, the only question before the court being as to the intention of the testator as expressed in certain portions of the will. It appeared from the bill and answer that Henry Parker died January 26, 1909, in Crawford county, Illinois, where he owned a large body of land, underlaid with gas and oil; that at the time of his death he had a wife, six children and three grandchildren; that his will was duly admitted to probate and his sons Valmore Parker and G. H. Parker, who were appointed executors therein,, duly qualified and entered upon the discharge of their duties. Item three of the will, after giving to the testator’s wife, in lieu of dower and homestead estate, all of his household goods and any other personal property that she might select, contained the following provision: “I also give and bequeath to my said wife for and during her natural life, the proceeds, rents, issues and profits, including the oil and gas therein and thereunder, of all the real estate of which I may die seized, together with the interest and income that may be derived from any and all personal property, moneys or choses in action of which I may die possessed and the accumulation of my estate after my death; provided, however, all of said proceeds, rents, issues, profits, interest and income *640will be needed for the maintenance, comfort and support of the said Mary Parker and her household.” In item four, the testator devises and bequeaths to his executors in trust all of his property except that bequeathed to his wife, Mary Parker, to hold, use, manage and control the same, during the lifetime of his said wife; that said executors sell said personal property coming to their hands and that the proceeds of the sale, together with all money belonging to the estate or that may accumulate in the hands of the executors, be loaned during the lifetime of his said wife, provided they should supply the comforts, necessities and demands of his said wife, and also provided that if at any time the accumulations and income of the estate should be such as, in the judgment of the executors, the whole of the same should not be needed for the support and maintenance of his wife in a comfortable manner they might make distribution of the money which might accumulate as afterwards in the will directed. The will then devises certain portions of the real estate to the testator’s children and grandchildren, “subject, however, to the bequests and devises herein before made for the use and benefit of my said wife, Mary Parker therein.” By item twelve the testator devised to his children, Valmore Parker, Ella Adams, George H. Parker, Albert Parker, Millie Conover and Stella Conover, each the one-seventh part of all the oil, gas and mineral, in and under the real estate of which he might die seized, share and share alike, subject to the devises made for the use and benefit of his said wife; and by the thirteenth item, he in like manner devised to his three grandchildren, each the one-twenty-first part, of such oil, gas and mineral. Item fourteen of the will provided that: “After the death of my said wife and the payment of the expenses of her last illness and the funeral expenses out of any money belonging to my estate which payments I hereby authorize and direct shall be made the same as any other debt against *641my estate. I desire that all the personal property of which I may die possessed, shall be by my executors immediately converted into money without any order or decree of court at either public or private sale as they may deem for the best interests of my estate; that they also with all convenient spefed collect all moneys, including all interest due my estate and after paying all the costs and expenses, all debts and bequests that said executors pay to and distribute between my heirs and descendents living at the death of my said wife, if she survives me, all the rest, residue, remainder, of said money and accumulations not theretofore distributed, in pursuance of the statute of the State of Illinois in force at the date of this will, and any distribution made by my executors previous to the death of my said wife shall be made between my heirs and descendents living in pursuance of the statute of the State of Illinois at the date of this will.”
The bill states that the executors have, pursuant to the terms and conditions of said will, sold the royalties and interest from all oil produced and saved from the lands of which said testator died seized, and that they have found the whole amount of the proceeds of such royalties were not needed for the support and maintenance of the widow; that they have heretofore made distribution of the portions of the money derived from the sale of said oil in excess of the amounts necessary for her support and maintenance, which said moneys have been distributed among the persons entitled thereto, in accordance with their respective interests, and which distribution continued from time to time until the death of Millie Conover, one of the children and heirs at law of said Henry Parker and a beneficiary named in said will; that said Millie Conover died May 30, 1914, testate, leaving her mother, the said Mary Parker, her sisters, Ella Adams and Stella Conover, her brothers, Valmore Parker, G. H. Parker and Albert Parker, and her nieces, Minnie Millins, Lillie *642McMasters, Lillie Garrett, her only heirs at law her surviving; that by her last will and testament, her surviving husband, Dolph Conover, was named as the sole legatee of the property of every kind and character, of which she died seized, and that said Dolph Conover was named as her executor, and has duly qualified and is now acting as such; that said executors now have money on hand derived from the proceeds of sale of oil royalties from the lands of said testator, which are not needed for the support, care and maintenance of his widow and which said executors insist should be distributed among the heirs, descendents and legatees of the said Henry Parker now living, and the said Dolph Conover claims that he is entitled to one-seventh part thereof, under the terms of the last will and testament of the said Millie Conover; that it is to settle this controversy that the suit is instituted to construe the will.
Dolph Conover and Dolph Conover as executor of the last will and testament of Millie Conover, deceased, were made parties defendant to the bill and filed an answer claiming the one-seventh portion of all the proceeds of oil, gas or minerals now held by said executors, which have been derived by them frcm any of the lands, of which the said Henry Parker died seized, or which may hereafter come to their hands from said source, under and by virtue of the last will and testament of said Millie Conover, deceased. The court found that by the terms and provisions of said last will and testament of said Henry Parker, deceased, all the money derived or collected by the executors from the sale of oil as royalties, or that may hereafter be collected by them during the lifetime of said Mary Parker, or so much thereof as will be needed for her maintenance, comfort and support, during her life, is the property of, owned by and belongs to the complainant Mary Parker, widow of said Henry Parker, and should be paid to her for and during her natural *643life, and if at any time said money should, in the judgment of said executors, not be required to be so used, then they might make distribution of such part of such money as is not so required for the use of said Mary Parker, to the heirs and descendents of said Henry Parker, deceased, living' at the time of such distribution in such proportion or share as each heir would take by virtue of the statute in case of intestate property in force at the time of the death of said Henry Parker, deceased; that Dolph Conover and Dolph Conover executor of the last will and testament of Millie Conover, deceased, are neither heirs nor descendents of said Henry Parker, deceased, and never can be, and that neither of them is the owner of or has any interest in said money or any part thereof, heretofore collected or that may be hereafter collected, during the natural life of said Mary Parker. It was accordingly decreed by the court that said executors pay to the complainant Mary Parker, for and during her natural life, so much of said money as should be required for her maintenance, support and comfort and distribute the balance, if any, among and between the heirs and descendents of the said Henry Parker, living at the time of such distribution, pursuant to the statute of the State of Illinois, in force at the time of the death of said Henry Parker, and that in making such distribution they should not pay any part of said money so collected or derived from such sale of oil as royalty during the lifetime of complainant Mary Parker to said defendant Dolph Conover and Dolph Con-over executor of the last will and testament of said Millie Conover, deceased, or either of them. Dolph Conover personally and as executor prosecutes this appeal, asking the court to hold that by operation of law the terms of the will must be construed as providing that one-seventh of the oil, gas and minerals under all the land became a vested remainder in his wife, Millie Conover, at the death of her father, subject only *644to a just proportion of the amount necessary to maintain, care for and support his widow, Mary Parker, during her lifetime; that the estate devised to said Millie Conover by the twelfth item above referred to, was a vested remainder subject to the life estate devised to Mary Parker therein.
In determining the rights of appellant to the fund in question, it is necessary to take into consideration the following items of the will: Item three of the will, which gives to the wife, Mary Parker, during her natural life “The proceeds, rents, issues and profits in-eluding the oil and gas therein and thereunder of all the real estate.” Item four, which devises and bequeaths all the property to the executors in trust to hold, use, manage and control the same during the lifetime of the wife, Mary Parker, as therein directed; that the executors shall keep loaned the fund therein provided for during the life of the said wife and shall supply her comforts, wants, necessities and demands, and if at any time the accumulations and income be such as in the judgment of the executors the whole of the same is not needed for her support and maintenance in a comfortable manner, “they may make distribution. of so much money which may accumulate as hereinafter directed.” Item twelve, which devises to the six children including Millie Conover, the deceased wife of appellant, each a one-seventh of all the oil, gas and mineral under the real estate, subject to the devises and bequests made for the use and benefit of the wife, Mary Parker. That part of item fourteen which provides that ‘ ‘ any distribution made by my executors previous to the death of my said wife shall be made between my heirs and descendents living, in pursuance of the statute of the State of Illinois at the date of this will.” And with these items there should also be considered the specific devises of real estate made to the children and grandchildren as above referred to, subject to tjae devises and bequests made for the use and *645benefit of the wife of the testator. The widow, Mary Parker, was a complainant in the bill, asking that the accumulations in the hands of the executors be distributed to the heirs and descendents of her deceased husband, living at the time of the distribution and that none go to appellants. Appellant Conover makes his claim under that provision of section twelve of the will which gives his wife one-seventh part of all the oil, gas and mineral in and under the real estate of which her father should die seized, subject to the devises and bequests made for the use and benefit of his said wife therein, but it is a well-known canon of construction that in determining the intent of the testator the whole will must be considered together, and that as a general rule no section or provision standing alone can control against the manifest intent of the complete instrument, but if possible force and effect must be given to every request or direction contained therein. “The construction (of a will) depends upon the intention of the testator, to be ascertained from a full view of everything contained in the will, giving just weight and operation to each clause and word employed, unless there is some invincible repugnance, or some portion of it is absolutely unintelligible.” Dickison v. Dickison, 138 Ill. 541.
The will in question shows a systematic attempt on the part of the testator to dispose of his property and provide for his family. His first thought is for his wife and he gives her all the income from the property, if necessary, for her maintenance, comfort and support, and provides that the personal property be sold if the income is not sufficient. He then considered the care of his property and the income therefrom, putting it in the hands of his executors as trustees with directions to pay so much of it to the widow as her needs and comfort might demand, the balance to be distributed as therein provided. He then divides his land among his children and grandchildren by seven specific *646bequests, each one of which concludes with the identical words used at the conclusion of the provision, under which appellant claims title, to wit: “Subject, however, to the devises and bequests herein made for the use and benefit of my said wife, Mary Parker. ’ ’ He then disposes of the oil, gas and mineral under the land subject to the same reservation. He subsequently directs what shall be done with his personal property and accumulations on hand at the death of his wife, and then comes the final provision in the will, concerning the disposition of the property which is, that any distribution thereof made previous to the death of his wife, should be made between his heirs and descendente living, in pursuance of the statute of the State of Illinois at the date of the will. The provisions of the will, taken as a whole, appear to be substantially harmonious and item twelve, under which appellant claims, when read with the rest of the will, does not appéar to be in serious conflict therewith. By that item the testator’s children, including Millie Conover, were each given one-seventh of all the oil, gas and mineral in and under the real estate, of which he should die seized. This devise, however, was made subject to the devises and bequests made for the use and benefit of the testator’s wife. It must therefore be held to be subject to the provisions governing the distribution of the fund provided for the wife, which is named in other items. By those items the distribution made previous to the death of the wife were to be between the testator’s living heirs and descendents. Appellant Con-over was not a descendent of the testator and could not either in his own right or as executor be considered an heir of the testator. It appears evident to us that the testator meant that the fund distributed during the lifetime of his wife should be divided among his heirs who had directly descended from him, who were living at the time of the distribution. Under this construction appellant is not entitled to any interest *647or distributive share in said fund which may be distributed during the lifetime, of the widow of said Henry Parker, deceased, either in his own right, as devisee 'of Ms wife, or as the executor of her will.
It is also a matter to be considered that the bill asks that the fund be distributed as provided for under the specific direction contained in item fourteen, wMch is the last direction given by the testator in Ms will, concerning the disposition of his property. Even if this provision did conflict with that under which appellant claims, the provision in item fourteen must prevail because it is a fundamental rule in the construction of wills that the later provision must prevail over the former ones when the same cannot be harmomzed. The rules of construction above referred to are set out at length, analyzed and supported by citations in the opinion of the court delivered through Justice Shope in Dickison v. Dickison, supra. Item twelve, which gave the testator’s children each one-seventh of all the oil, gas and mineral in or under his real estate, was a general provision, disposing of the interests named, wMle that providing for the distribution of the fund at the end of item fourteen was a specific provision made for the purpose of disposing of accumulations or the receipt from royalties during the lifetime of his widow. “It is a familiar rule, in the construction of wills that general provisions must give way to specific provisions.” Saeger v. Bode, 181 Ill. 514. Under this rule, also, the specific provision contained in item fourteen must prevail, and under it appellants are not entitled to receive anything. We are of opinion that the chancellor in the court below properly construed the provisions of the will submitted to him by the bill, and answer and that Ms decree should be affirmed.
Affirmed.