delivered the opinion of the court.
This is an action brought by plaintiff in error against defendant in error, to recover damages for a breach of the covenants of a warranty deed.
On March 26,1896, defendant in error sold and conveyed to plaintiff in error, by a deed containing full covenants of warranty, a quarter section of land situated in Audrain County, Missouri. Subsequently, Lucy A. Smith brought an action in the Circuit Court of Audrain County, Missouri, against plaintiff in error, to establish and have assigned her alleged right of dower in said premises. The plaintiff in error, who was the defendant in the dower case in Missouri, entered his appearance therein, filed an answer denying all of the material allegations of the plaintiff’s petition, and notified the defendant in error of the pendency of the case and requested him to defend the action, which he failed to do. The proceedings resulted in a judgment in favor of the plaintiff, Lucy A. Smith, establishing her right of dower, and fixing its cash value at $110 per year. It is to recover these installments paid by plaintiff in error that the present suit is brought. In the trial court, a jury was waived, and the court found the issues for the defendant and rendered judgment against the plaintiff, who prosecutes this writ of error. Plaintiff in error contends that the judgment is against the law and the evidence, and that the court erred in passing upon the propositions of law submitted by him.
The declaration consists of one count, to which defendant in error pleaded, among other defenses, that Lucy A, Smith is not the widow and was not the wife of John B. Smith, to whom the property in question had once been conveyed. A plea was also interposed averring that the judgment was obtained by the consent, fraud and collusion of the defendant. The only evidence in the record tending to show that she was the widow and was entitled to be endowed of the lands in question, is found in a certified copy of the proceedings in the case in the Missouri court, which. *415in turn shows that upon the trial of that cause the defendant, who is the plaintiff in this case, admitted the marriage and widowhood of Lucy A. Smith, as alleged in her petition. The record in that case also contains the following additional stipulation:
“ Lucy A. Smith, ) vs. >
M. L. Raftery, et al. )
May 13, 1895. Suit for dower, in Mexico, Mo., Circuit Court, 1895.
We hereby agree that if judgment is found for the plaintiff for the existence of the dower, then we waive appointment of commissioner; the court may forthwith enter judgment for damages from the time of the death of Jno. R. Smith to the date of trial, shall be at the rate of $110 per annum, and the yearly or monthly value of the dower after judgment so rendered shall be at the rate of $110 annually; and defendant to pay costs.
(Signed) J. S. Smith, for plaintiff.
James B. Barker,' for plaintiff.
E. C. Kehjston, for defendant Raftery.”
The right of dower is an incumbrance within the terms of a covenant of general warranty and it is immaterial whether the right is inchoate or consummate. McCord v. Massey, 155 Ill. 123. And where a covenantor is served with proper notice of the commencement of a suit to' establish a right w'hich would constitute a breach of the covenant, the covenantor is concluded and bound by the judgment, unless the judgment is the product of collusion or fraud. Harding v. Larkin, 41 Ill. 413; Drennan v. Bunn, 124 Ill. 175. But a judgment entered by consent is binding only upon the parties to the. record. The trial court held that the judgment of the Missouri court was entered by consent, fraud or collusion. We think that the holding was correct on the evidence disclosed by the record presented to this court. From the record it is manifest that Lucy A. Smith could not have recovered a judgment in her suit but for the material admissions of the defendant made therein, notwithstanding defendant in error was notified to appear and defend, it was the duty of the defendant, plaintiff in error here, to leave the defendant in error in no *416worse position than he would have been in if the Missouri case had gone by default. Had no plea or answer been interposed in the Missouri case, the plaintiff could not have recovered, so- far as appears from this record. ’ Her marriage was an essential fact. She did not prove it. It was admitted. We regard the conduct of plaintiff in error as calculated to aid the plaintiff in the recovery of the judgment. This he had a perfect right to do so far as he was concerned, but he cannot bind the defendant in error by such conduct. The record of the Missouri court not being conclusive upon the defendant in error, this record is destitute of the necessary proof to warrant the rendition of a judgment for the plaintiff in the court below.
Some complaint is made of the action of the trial court in passing upon the eighteen so-called propositions of 'law submitted by the plaintiff. Most of them are propositions of fact, not law, and were properly refused. The facts in the record are undisputed. The court correctly applied the law to the facts disclosed by the record, and the judgment will be affirmed.
Affirmed.