delivered the opinion of the court:
These are consolidated appeals from judgments entered in a prosecution for armed robbery, rape, burglary and attempt to rape. Defendants *375Steven Nichols, Marshall McWilliams, and their codefendant, Willie Chandler, were jointly indicted for these offenses. After a trial by jury, Chandler was acquitted of all the charges; Nichols and McWilliams were acquitted of rape but convicted of armed robbery, burglary and attempt to rape. They were sentenced to serve concurrent terms of 25 to 35 years for armed robbery and burglary; 8 to 12 years for attempt to rape.
In this court, a brief was filed on their behalf in which it was argued that one of the prejudicial trial errors was the State’s failure to produce a man’s shoe found by the police at or near the scene of the crimes charged in the indictment. However, neither the brief, the abstract nor the record was clear concerning this claim; therefore, we ordered the State to file with us the minútes of the grand jury that indicted defendants. This was done; and based on these minutes, defendants filed a motion requesting reversal of their convictions and remand of the cause for a new trial because the minutes show that at the scene of the crimes, police officers indeed found a shoe they treated as evidence in the case. Defendants alleged that the shoe did not belong to any of them, a fact conceded by the State; that, as a consequence.; this was evidence tending to prove their innocence; and that, despite a court order for production of all physical evidence, including evidence favorable to them, the State suppressed the shoe by not producing it in court. We took, the motion with the case and, after reviewing the voluminous record of these appeals, we grant it, reverse defendants’ convictions and remand the cause for a new trial.1 The following are the facts and the principles of law that compel our conclusions.
I.
During the evening of September 5, 1970, a nun, a former nun, and an older woman who was visiting them, had two guests for dinner in their first-floor apartment in Hyde Park on the southeast side of Chicago. The last of the guests left at about 11:40 P.M. A few moments later, the nun retired for the night. The former nun and the older woman remained in the living room, engaged in conversation. Suddenly, a black man armed with a gun entered the apartment. He asked the two women if anyone else was there; and when told the nun was in the bedroom, he forced the women in that direction.
As they approached, the nun, hearing the man’s voice, looked out, saw he was a stranger, and tried to close the door. The man, however, forced his way in and threw the three women upon a bed. Then, he closed the *376door and left; but in a few minutes, he returned with two young black men. Thereafter, and for about an hour and a half, the three intruders were in the apartment. The man who first came in struck the nun on the head with a gun and each tried to rape her. The two other men also attempted rape of the woman. All of them, during a period of time that followed, raped the former nun. One of the men ordered the older woman to remove her clothing; but, because she had a back brace, she could not comply with the demand. By force, the men took money and jewelry from the women. They ransacked the apartment and gathered a television set, a small radio and a typewriter which they placed near the apartment door.
At about 1:40 A.M., the men ran from the building. A woman who lived on the third floor came down the stairs and saw them running out of the apartment. Another woman, from a building across the street, saw an automobile parked heading south, on the street in front of her home. She saw a black man run out of the building on the other side of the street and put a box in the trunk of the vehicle. The woman later said the automobile was a 1962 white Chevrolet hardtop sedan. Her husband, who was awakened by the disturbance, saw the same automobile and noticed that it sagged in the rear. He called the police. In the meantime, the three women were taken to a nearby hospital for examination and treatment. The nun and the former nun were questioned there by investigating police officers and, in the days that followed, in their home. From the morning of September 6, and for a period of a little more than two months, police officers showed the two women mug shots and photographs from which, without success, they attempted to pick out pictures of the men who entered their apartment during the late evening of September 5, 1970.
On November 18, 1970, a police officer went to the home of the two women and showed them some photographs. The nun had told police investigators that she could identify three men she saw in the apartment, but the former nun had said she could identify only the first black man, the one who came into the living room while she and the older women were talking. Consequently, the nun was shown the photos in her attempt to pick out three men. She picked out two pictures: the first, one of Willie Chandler, the second, of Marshall McWilliams. The former nun was shown the photos so she could pick out that of one man. She picked out the picture of McWilliams who, she said, was the first man who entered the apartment, the only one she could identify. As a result, Chandler was arrested that evening as he was walking on a Chicago street and McWilliams that afternoon at his place of employment. From *377McWilliams, police officers learned he was acquainted with Steven Nichols. They obtained a picture of him and together with others showed it to the nun; she picked out his picture as being that of one of the men who entered the apartment. This led to Nichols’ arrest on December 6, 1970. Following the arrests, and in separate police station lineups, Chandler, McWilliams and Nichols were identified, the nun identifying all three, the former nun only McWilliams.
Thereafter, defendants were indicted and on May 20, 1971, they were brought to trial. Pretrial motions were heard and disposed. Then the State, before a jury, presented its evidence. It called 10 witnesses: the nun, the former nun, two women neighbors, the husband of one of them, the owner of a record shop, a woman doctor, two crime laboratory technicians and a police officer. At the conclusion of this presentation, defendants moved for but the court denied directed verdicts. Then, defendants presented their evidence. They called 12 witnesses who testified in support of alibi defenses that had been interposed. Each defendant testified and denied the charges against him. Their evidence established that at the time of trial, each was 21 years of age. Each said he was gainfully employed at the time of his arrest; and, without contradiction, each testified that neither had ever been charged with an offense other than a traffic ticket. Chandler, in addition to his alibi testimony, denied having known Nichols and McWilliams prior to his arrest. In this regard, he was corroborated by the testimony of Nichols, McWilliams and that of their witnesses.
II.
Examination of the record before us shows that the State’s evidence which tended to connect Nichols with the crimes charged came from two witnesses. (1) A police officer who testified that when McWilliams was arrested, he said he was with Nichols on the day of the crimes. (2) The nun who identified Nichols in court as one of the men who entered her apartment and committed the crimes charged in the indictment. The State’s evidence of the same import against McWilliams came from six witnesses. (1) A woman who testified that she awoke at about 1 A.M. the morning of September 6 and saw a white 1962 Chevrolet two-door sedan speed away from the scene of the crimes. (2) Her husband who testified that he saw the car and it was white or light tan in color. (3) The owner of a record shop who testified that in September 1970 he saw McWilliams enter a white 1962 Chevrolet sedan. (4) A police officer who testified that when McWilliams was arrested he told his arrestors that he was in the company of Nichols' on the day of the *378crimes. (5). The former nun who identified McWilliams in court as the first black man who entered her apartment and committed the offenses. (6) The nun who also identifiéd McWilliams as one of the men who entered the apartment armed with a gun and committed the crimes she described to the jury.
The crucial evidence, however, without which there could not have been sustainable convictions, was the in-court identification of Nichols by the nun and of McWilliams by the nun and the former nun. This fact becomes iriost decisive in this case when we recall that under our law the testimony of one witness is sufficient for a conviction, even though that testimony is contradicted by .the accused, provided the witness is credible and the accused is viewed under circumstances which would permit a positive identification. (People v. Stringer, 52 Ill.2d 564, 289 N.E.2d 631; People v. Stewart, 24 Ill.App.3d 605, 321 N.E.2d 450; People v. Smith, 18 Ill.App.3d 859, 310 N.E.2d 734.) Our courts often say that even if there is alibi evidence by or for the accused, it is for the jury to choose whom it will believe or disbelieve. People v. Hyde, 1 Ill.App.3d 831, 275 N.E.2d 239.
In this case, the identification testimony of the two women was positive. Each testified concerning her opportunities to observe the defendant she identified. Unerringly and without hesitation, they picked out particular defendants by name. In addition, when asked both on direct and cross-examination, the two women told the jury that immediately after the crimes, when questioned by investigating police officers, they gave descriptions of the men who invaded their apartment.
In appears, however, that on May 20, 1971, when the defendants were brought to trial, the court decided it would first hear their motions to suppress the State’s identification evidence. It was known, of course, that the nun and the former nun were going to appear as witnesses. As the hearing was about to begin, the lawyer representing Nichols and McWilliams told the trial judge that the two defendants did not want to remain in the courtroom because, they said, the two women had not seen them since the police station lineups in November and December of the year before. In a colloquy that followed, the assistant public defender made the same representation and, on behalf of Chandler, joined in the request. The trial judge then questioned each defendant who explained why he was requesting permission to be absent from the courtroom. The requests were granted.
Thereafter, before the judge, the former nun testified first; the nun, second". In that testimony, both admitted that when questioned by police officers immediately after the crimes, they were not able to give a de*379scription of the men they said invaded their apartment. The principal investigating officer testified that when he questioned the two women, they were not able to give him a description of the men who came into their apartment and committed the crimes they had described. A police officer who said he was the first to respond to the calls made by the neighbor testified that when he questioned the two women, he could not get any information from them that was useful for police investigation.
Then, before the jury, when the nun and the former nun testified, they were not asked by defendant’s counsel concerning the testimony they had given at the hearing of the motions to suppress. The two investigating officers were not called by the State when it presented its evidence to the jury did not counsel for Nichols and McWilliams call them as witnesses.
The motions to suppress were denied on Monday, May 24, 1971. Presentation of the State’s case to the jury commenced with the nun’s testimony the morning of the Friday that followed. However, at the convening of court on the morning of Wednesday, May 26, the assistant public defender, representing Chandler, complained to the trial judge that during the night before his client, Nichols and McWilliams had been taken from their cells in the Cook County jail and photographed. The lawyer said that this was done without notice to counsel. He accused the prosecution of gathering evidence during the trial, including the photographing of the defendants without notice to their lawyers.
The trial judge acknowledged the importance of what was reported to him by saying that he would not permit use in the proceedings of any photograph taken of defendants during their incarceration. Then, the assistant State’s attorney in charge of the prosecution responded. He did not deny that defendants had been photographed. In fact, his remarks assumed that the photographs were taken. He denied only that they were taken on his orders. Then, he explained that “I did call the County Jail and asked for photos of blowups of the defendants when taken into the County Jail.” On this being said, the assistant public defender demanded a hearing to determine who was responsible for what he stated was an infringement of the defendants’ constitutional rights. The trial judge, however, ruled that selection of the jury was to be completed and then “* * * any motions you might have with respect to suppression of any photographs or any evidence certainly would be entertained at that time.”
Selection of the jury was completed, but the record shows that thereafter neither lawyer raised any question about the photographs or the use of the blowups which the assistant State’s attorney said he had *380requested of jail officials.2 When the nun and the former nun testified before the jury, neither lawyer asked them if they had been shown the blowups or photographs. It appears, however, that in the hearing of the motions to suppress, the nun was asked and admitted that she had been shown photographs of defendants when she appeared before the grand jury and on the day before her testimony.
The claim that defendants were photographed and the admission by the assistant State’s attorney that he obtained blowups of intake photos taken of defendants in the county jail assume grave importance in this case. This was not a display to witnesses prior to trial of defendants’ preindictment photographs. This, in fact, was the subjection of defendants to. a compulsory identification procedure.3 And relevant to a valid appraisal of this claim is the fact that this was a triar in which the crucial items of proof were defendants’ in-court identifications by two young women who undoubtedly had been subjected to a number of cruel crimes. From the way they were questioned before the jury, it appeared that their opportunity to observe the offenders at the time of the crimes was the only source of their in-court identification testimony. The jury was not told about the blowups or about the possibility that photographs taken of defendants during an overnight recess of their trials were available to the prosecution. What they saw was the nun and the former nun picking out each accused by name. This incident, then, one which the trial judge acknowledged was a violation of defendants’ constitutional rights, colored what other-wise appears to have been positive in-court identification of defendants by the complaining women. It deserved an immediate inquiry into the circumstances concerning the claimed photographs, the reasons *381for the prosecution’s request, and the unexplained use of blowups of jail in-take photos of defendants whose identifications were then at issue before the court. It would have been proper for defendants to inquire whether, before their jury testimony, the nun and the former nun had been shown the blowups of recently taken photographs of the men they were expected to identify.
Consequently, and without impugning anyone, it is our judgment that immediately on learning of questions concerning the photographs and that, without notice to counsel, the prosecution had obtained the blowups of defendants jail in-take photos, a hearing should have been conducted by the trial judge. The denials by the assistant State’s attorney did not answer all the questions, nor were his self-serving assurances adequate. We are sufficiently acquainted with criminal law administration in this community to know that Cook County Jail officials would not photograph a defendant during his trial without the request of someone connected with the prosecution. Certainly there was adequate time. The jury had not been selected. A hearing could have resulted in rulings which would have protected the constitutional and statutory rights involved. It is known by judges and lawyers that in a criminal case, “* * * during perhaps tire most critical period of the proceedings * # * that is to say, from the time of their arraignment until the beginning of their trial, when consultation, thorough-going investigation and preparation [are] vitally important, the defendants * * * [are] as much entitled to such aid [of counsel] during that period as at the trial itself.” (Powell v. Alabama (1932), 287 U.S. 45, 57, 77 L.Ed. 158, 53 S.Ct. 55.) Therefore, during the recess of their trial while they were incarcerated in the county jail, defendants were entitled to advice of counsel concerning pictures being taken of them and concerning the right of the prosecution to request of jail authorities blowups of photos taken of them when they were delivered to their jailers. Undoubtedly, then, what was reported to the trial court by the assistant public defender infringed on Sixth Amendment guarantees which were fundamental to defendants’ rights to a fair trial. (See Massiah v. United States (1964), 377 U.S. 201, 12 L.Ed.2d 246, 84 S.Ct. 1199; compare Spano v. New York (1959), 360 U.S. 315, 3 L.Ed.2d 1265, 79 S.Ct. 1202.)4 And in this appeal, Nichols and McWil*382liams are not bound by the fact that their lawyer did not demand a hearing and later did not pursue the matter. We base this conclusion on incidents which the record before us discloses.
III.
It appears that after an extended hearing, the trial court denied defendants’ motions which sought suppression of the State’s identification evidence, statements made by Nichols and McWilliams at the time of their arrests and evidence obtained from Chandler when he was taken into custody. Immediately thereafter, but before any step was taken to select the jury, both lawyers for the defense asked the trial judge for a continuance on the ground that they were not prepared to proceed with defense of the case. Each lawyer represented to the court that the hearings of the motions had brought to their attention facts which required further investigation before they could adequately protect the rights of their respective clients. The record suggests that prosecution attorneys had advised the court and counsel that the nun was going to Europe on a vacation and the principal investigating officer was going on furlough. Both defense lawyers, however, asked the court that the continuance be made to coincide with the return of the two prosecution witnesses. The motions were denied; and the trial continued through final pretrial matters, selection of the jury, followed by an overnight adjournment.
At the reconvening of court, Nichols announced that he had a motion he wanted heard. The motion was handwritten, apparently prepared in the county jail either by him or by someone for him. The document stated Nichols was serving notice that he was removing his privately retained counsel for the reason that the lawyer had displayed a lack of interest in his clients. Then, citing a number of United States Supreme Court cases and “* ° * arguing in his due process of law * * Nichols stated that until he obtained other counsel “* * * [h]e will act in ‘propria persona’.” McWilliams joined in the motion; and in a colloquy with the court that followed, both defendants said they did not want to delay the trial; they insisted, however, on the opportunity to discharge their lawyer. Their motions were denied. The trial continued, and the record shows it was thereafter that the lawyer did not raise any questions about defendants having been photographed in the county jail or about the prosecutor’s possession of blowups of their jail in-take photos. During the jury testimony of the nun and the former nun, the lawyer did not *383ask them questions which would have determined whether they had been shown recently taken photographs of the defendants or blowups of their jail in-take photos. From our view of these matters, such questions would have touched, directly or indirectly, on important constitutional rights of the defendants. See Powell v. Alabama (1932), 287 U.S. 45, 77 L.Ed. 158, 53 S.Ct. 55; Gideon v. Wainwright (1963), 372 U.S. 335, 9 L.Ed.2d 799, 83 S.Ct. 792; Gilbert v. California (1967), 388 U.S. 263, 18 L.Ed.2d 1178, 87 S.Ct. 1951; Stovall v. Denno (1967), 388 U.S. 293, 18 L.Ed.2d 1199, 87 S.Ct. 1967.
It cannot be said that the inactions of the lawyer were decisions made in defendants’ interests. No benefit accrued to them when the lawyer did not insist that the trial judge immediately hold a hearing into the facts reported by the assistant public defender. Certainly, no benefit accrued to defendants from the lawyer not asking the nun and the former nun questions which fully would have developed the facts shown in the record before us. Therefore, the failures of the lawyer were not trial tactics or strategy. (Compare People v. Williams, 36 Ill.2d 194, 222 N.E.2d 321.) They were omissions of a lawyer who, in open court, had confessed that he was not prepared to proceed with the defense of serious criminal charges against his clients. Or, to give retrospective meaning to Nichols’ scrawled petition, they were inactions which had shown a lack of interest in the case. In fact, the inaction of the lawyer adversely affected important rights that belonged to the defendants.
Our law recognizes the difference between a lawyer’s conduct that is part of a trial plan and failures or omissions that waive a defendant’s statutory or constitutional rights. (See People v. Novotny, 41 Ill.2d 401, 244 N.E.2d 182; People v. Kaprelian, 6 Ill.App.3d 1066, 286 N.E.2d 613; compare Brookhart v. Janis (1966), 384 U.S. 1, 16 L.Ed.2d 314, 86 S.Ct. 1245; United States ex rel. Goldsby v. Harpole (5th Cir. 1959), 263 F.2d 71; Tigar, Waiver of Constitutional Rights: Disquiet in the Citadel, 84 Harv. L. Rev. 1, 16-19 (1970); Note, 54 Cal. L. Rev. 1262 (1966).) Generally, it is said that waiver by counsel as a matter of trial strategy is binding on an accused, while waiver of rights not constituting trial strategy will not bind an accused unless he participates in the waiver. (People v. Whitfield, 40 Ill.2d 308, 239 N.E.2d 850.) In this case, Nichols and McWilliams did not participate in any waiver of their rights. In fact, they sought to discharge the lawyer; and there was a time during their trial when they refused to cooperate with him because they saw he was not defending them. Therefore, it would be unjust to tell them now that the failings of the lawyer they tried to discharge preclude their being heard in this court on matters that adversely affected their right to a fair trial.
*384IV.
This brings us to defendants’ claim that their convictions were obtained by the State through the suppression of evidence favorable to them. And to consider it, we begin with the grand jury minutes which show the following testimony of the principal investigating officer.
“Q. Was physical evidence recovered at the scene of the incident on September 6, 1870?
A. Yes, below the window of the apartment where entry was made, a shoe was found.
Q. Was it a peculiar size or number?
A. The shoe was a loafer, size 8 male shoe.
Q. Did any of the individuals who were arrested in this matter wear a size 8 shoe?
A. Marshall McWilliams and Nichols wears 8 and a half.”
Prior to their trial, a motion was filed on defendants’ behalf requesting the issuance of “* * a an order compelling the [State] to disclose and produce or other-wise make available evidence in [its] possession and control * * * which * * # may be favorable to the defendants and material to the issue of guilt or innocence or could in any way weaken or affect any evidence proposed to be introduced by [them].” One paragraph of the motion requested that the disclosure and production include all physical evidence in the State’s possession that pertained to the case. This motion was answered, in writing. The answer, in tire form of a bill of particulars, listed all of the State’s physical evidence, but did not mention the shoe. Then, on the day defendants were brought to trial, the court made a paragraph by paragraph ruling on the motion and ordered the State to produce for defendants’ inspection all evidence in its possession favorable to them and all its physical evidence that pertained to the case. A session of a day was set aside for defense counsel to inspect the State’s evidence. Accordingly, a sealed evidence box and two inventory envelopes were brought into the courtroom by an assistant State’s attorney.
At the beginning of the inspection, the lawyer representing Nichols and McWilliams inquired about the shoe. The assistant State’s attorney answered, saying that it was not going to be introduced in evidence by the prosecution. On hearing this said, the assistant public defender asked, “May we look at the shoe?” To this, the assistant State’s attorney replied, “We don’t have it.” Tire public defender then asked, ‘Where is it?” No one answered; but he pursued the matter further, saying, “It is mentioned in the Grand Jury testimony. We want to look at it. Some police officer has it.” There then followed a short series of exchanges among the lawyers, but the State did not produce the shoe.
*385In this court, both in their joint brief and in their motion to reverse and remand, defendants make the contention that withholding production of the shoe was suppression of evidence that aided the State in obtaining their convictions. They argue that the shoe did not belong to them; from where it was found it supported the inference that someone else entered the apartment and committed the crimes for which they were convicted. Thus, defendants argue that the shoe was consistent with and would have supported their alibi defenses, a fact which may have led to their acquittals. Therefore, they conclude they were denied due process of law when the State suppressed the shoe by not producing it, despite the court order which required production of all physical evidence in the State’s possession that was favorable to them and which pertained to the case.
The State does not deny existence of the item defendants claim was suppressed. In fact, in its brief, it admits that " [t] he police found a shoe in the victims’ apartment. It was found that the shoe did not relate to any of the defendants.” Furthermore, the State concedes that defendants made the necessary demand for production of the shoe. No claim is made that it could not be produced when the physical evidence was brought into court for defendants’ inspection. It is not claimed that its discovery was mysterious or illusive; indeed, the shoe was subjected to laboratory tests, and for the prosecution, it was determined that it did not belong to any of the accused. The State’s only argument is that defendants have not shown that the shoe was evidence favorable to them or that it was material to their defense. This being so, we need not decide whether in this case there was wilful suppression of evidence. It being conceded that the shoe was treated as evidence in the State’s possession; it appearing that the State could have produced it but withheld it after defendant’s demand, therefore, the only question we need decide is whether it was of favorable character to defendants and material to their defense. (Moore v. Illinois (1972), 408 U.S. 786, 794, 33 L.Ed.2d 706, 92 S.Ct. 2562.) In doing so, we bear in mind that denial of due process of law in instances like the one before us does not depend on the good faith or bad faith of prosecuting officials. (Brady v. State (1961), 226 Md. 422, 174 A. 2d 167.) “A prosecution that withholds .evidence on demand of an accused which, if made available, would tend to exculpate him or reduce the penalty helps shape a trial that bears heavily on the defendant.” Brady v. Maryland (1963), 373 U.S. 83, 87-88, 10 L.Ed.2d 215, 83 S.Ct. 1194.
Therefore, turning to the question, we have no hesitancy in concluding that under the circumstances of this case the shoe withheld by the State was favorable to defendants and material to their defense. The word “favorable” means to be “* * * disposed to favor * * * *386giving a result that is in one’s favor # # * indicative of a successful outcome * * * boding well # (Webster’s Third New International Dictionary 830 (Unabridged ed. 1964).) Evidence is material to the guilt or innocence of a defendant when it is of probative character on that question. (Link v. United States (8th Cir. 1965), 352 F.2d 207.) It is probative when to the normal mind it tends to prove or disprove a matter at issue. Wolf v. Peoples Bank, 255 Ill.App. 127, 157; compare United States v. DeLucia (7th Cir. 1958), 256 F.2d 487, 491; Fuller v. State (Ct. App. Ala. 1926), 113 So. 648; Jones v. Sands (1953), 41 Tenn. App. 1, 292 S.W.2d 492; 31A C.J.S. Evidence § 159 (1964).
In determining whether this particular shoe was evidence favorable to defendants, we are persuaded by the grand jury testimony of the principal investigating officer who said it was found underneath a window that led into the apartment where the crimes were committed. Defendants denied the charges against them, interposed the defense of alibi and introduced evidence in their support. Implicit in their defenses was the claim that they were not at the scene of the crimes; that some other person or persons committed those offenses. The shoe then, éxamined by defendants, could conceivably produce evidence or clues that would substantiate their claim. It was they who had the right to inspect the shoe for marks or clues favorable to them. (People v. Flowers, 51 Ill.2d 25, 281 N.E.2d 299.) The trial court had ordered the State to produce evidence in its possession favorable to defendants, and the physical evidence pertaining to the case. ‘When there is substantial room for doubt, the prosecution is not to decide for the court what is admissible or for the defense what is useful.” Griffin v. United States (D. C. Cir. 1950), 183 F.2d 990, 993; Jackson v. Wainwright (5th Cir. 1968), 390 F.2d 288; compare United States v. Bryant (D.C. Cir. 1971), 439 F.2d 642; Shuler v. Wainwright (M. D. Fla. 1972), 341 F.Supp. 1061; compare People v. Endress, 106 Ill.App.2d 217, 245 N.E.2d 26; see Annot., 7 A.L.R. 3d 8 (1966).
In determining whether the shoe in question was material to defendants’ defense, we should consider the issues and all the evidence in the case. Accordingly, we observe what the nun told the jury. She testified that a few days before the crimes, she and the former nun had wiped and cleaned all the woodwork in their apartment; and that immediately after the intruders left in the early morning hours of September 6, 1970, she saw smudge marks on the walls and woodwork. A crime laboratory technician testified that immediately after the police were called, he went to the apartment and thoroughly examined it for fingerprints; that he found none that could be connected with any of the defendants; but *387near a window, he found a positive identifiable palm print that did not belong to any occupant of the apartment nor to any defendant. Therefore, on the issue raised by defendants’ alibi defenses, whether the evidence proved that someone else committed the crimes with which defendants were charged, the shoe, together with the palm print that belonged to some stranger, was material to the issue.
In People v. Hoffman, 32 Ill.2d 96, 203 N.E.2d 873, the defendant was charged with the murder of a woman with whom, by his admission, he had registered as man and wife in a Chicago hotel. It was his claim that at about 6 in the evening he left the woman in the hotel, but returned 12 hours later and found her dead. At his trial, his counsel asked to see a pair of blue and white men’s shorts which the defense learned was discovered by investigating police officers in a closet of the room where the body of the woman was found. The request was denied; and then, by successful objections to questions asked of police officers and by disallowing knowledge of the existence of the pair of shorts, the prosecution prevented defendant from gaining possession of them. In the appeal from his conviction, defendant contended that by withholding the pair of shorts, the State had suppressed evidence favorable to him and material to his guilt. The State argued that he had not shown that the shorts were material to his defense. The supreme court disagreed. It said, “[cjontrary to the assertion that the defendant did not show the materiality of the shorts, it appears obvious from the very item, its condition and where it was found, that it was material. They were material enough to be noted on the police report and are material enough to require their production upon defendant’s request so he could inspect them for laundry marks or other clues. They were potentially as material, if not more so, than the items of the deceased’s clothing offered and received in evidence.” 32 Ill.2d 96, 99.
We are of the same opinion in this case. The shoe should have been produced in court for defendants’ inspection. (See People v. Murdock, 39 Ill.2d 553, 237 N.E.2d 442; People v. Dixon, 19 Ill.App.3d 683, 312 N.E.2d 390; Trimble v. State (1965), 75 N.M. 183, 402 P.2d 162; Annot., 34 A.L.R. 3d 16 (1970).) Therefore, based on the facts we have stated and the principles of law we have applied, the judgments are reversed and the cause is remanded for a new trial, or for further proceedings not inconsistent with views expressed in this opinion.
Reversed and remanded with directions.
HAYES, J., concurs.