This is a suit by the widow and heirs at law of one Bob Robertson, against Brass Robertson, his brother, to establish a trust in a tract of land.
The material facts of the case are as follows : In 1871 or 1872 one Thomas Trotter sold the land to Bob Robertson, on .•a credit, for $660, giving his title bond and taking notes for the purchase money, bearing interest until paid at 10 per cent, per annum. Bob Robertson entered into possession and occupied the land as a homestead, Brass, who was younger, liv:.ing with him. Bob paid $160 on the notes. In 1874 he fled *383the country, leaving his wife, children and brother in possession of the land. In 1875, after the last of the purchase money notes had matured, Trotter notified Brass that unless they were paid, he would proceed against the land. Brass procured the title bond from Bob’s wife, and returned it to Trotter, who, intending to cancel the sale, destroyed it and the notes. The payment made by Bob liquidated the interest, but did not reduce the principal of his debt. Brass and Bob’s family remained upon the land during 1875 as tenants of Trotter. About the close of that year Trotter sold the land to Brass. He paid part of the price in cash, and gave his notes for the balance; he received a bond for title. He subsequently paid the notes. It does not appear from the evidence that Brass acted otherwise than in good faith, either in attempting to cancel the bond to Bob, or to acquire title to himself. When he purchased there was due on Bob’s notes $660; and there were twenty acres of the land in cultivation of the rental value of three dollars per acre per annum. The land is not shown to have had any other rental value. Brass subsequently cleared more of the-land and made other improvements; he asks that he be paid therefor 'in case his title fails.
The court below found that Brass had received assets from Bob to apply on his notes, which, with the rents received by him, was sufficient to extinguish them. As to such assets the testimony is very indefinite and unsatisfactory, and we cannot find that any were received by Brass for that purpose.
1. vendor and Vendor: Bond for title. The effect of the title bond to Bob, was to vest in him an equitable title to the land, and to retain in Trotter the legal title as security for the purchase money. The return of the bond to Trotter was made without Bob’s knowledge or consent ; such being the case, Trotter did not acquire Bob’s title by its delivery to him and the destruction of the notes. When Brass took possession under his purchase, he held not as owner but as mortgagee, being subrogated to Trotter’s right as such. Teaver et al. v. Eakin, 147 Ark., 528.
*384 2.Mortgagees: Improvements: rents. A mortgagee is not entitled to be paid for improvements-made upon the mortgaged premises, further than is necessary to keep them in repair. The improvements may be of permanent benefit to the estate, but unless made with the consent and approbation of the owner no allowance can be made for them. The mortgagee has no right to increase the burden of redeeming. If he chooses to make improvements, he may enjoy their use during his possession, but upon redemption they inure to the benefit of the estate. Jones on Mort., sec. 1127.
A mortgagee who himself occupies the premises, especially if they consist of a farm, upon which money and labor must be bestowed to produce annual crops, is chargeable with such sums as are a fair rent of the premises (Jones on Mort., sec. 1122); but he should not be charged an increased rent, caused by improvements upon the land for which he is denied compensation. Justice is done by charging him with the rent which the land would have yielded as it was without his improvements. To the extent that the rental value is increased by them, he should not be held to account. Jones, McDowrell & Co. v. Fletcher, 42 Ark., 456; Tatum v. McClellan, 56 Miss., 352; Jones on Mort., sec. 1127, and cases cited.
The question of limitation was not raised by the pleadings of appellant nor considered by us.
The appellees are entitled to redeem the lands upon paying to appellant the amount due on Bob’s notes. He should be credited by the sum of $660, the amount due on the notes when he purchased, less $60, the rent for 1875, with interest from January 1, 1876, at 10 per cent, per annum; but he should be charged with the sum of $60 for the rent of the land for each year beginning with 1876, which should be credited at the end of each year on the amount due him. If the appellees pay the sum so due him, they are entitled to have the title vested in them; if they fail to pay it within a reasonable time, the land should be sold to satisfy it.
*385The judgment is reversed, and the cause remanded for a decree and proceedings thereunder, in accordance with the law as herein declared.