Neal v. Bradley, 238 Ark. 714, 384 S.W.2d 238 (1964)

Nov. 30, 1964 · Arkansas Supreme Court · 5-3353
238 Ark. 714, 384 S.W.2d 238

Neal v. Bradley.

5-3353

384 S. W. 2d 238

Opinion delivered November 30, 1964.

W. Dane Clay, Rose, Meek, House, Barron, Nash & Williamson, for appellant.

Josh W. McHughes, Brooks Bradley and J. H. Carmichael, Jr., for appellee.

Ed. F. McFaddin, Associate Justice.

The issue here posed is the matter of priority as between assignments. This is the second appearance of these parties in this Court. The first case was Bradley et al. v. Neal, 234 Ark. 728, 354 S. W. 2d 269, in which we held that Bradley et al. were entitled to judgment against the estate of W. B. Warren in the sum of $3,000.00 and we remanded the case with directions, and such judgment was rendered on April 18, 1962.

Then on May 15, 1962, Bradley and McHughes filed the present action in the Probate Court, alleging that the $3,000.00 judgment was unpaid and that Virginia Warren Neal, individually or as executrix of the Estate of W. B. Warren, had in her possession certain notes which had been duly assigned to Bradley and McHughes, and that she should be required to deliver to Bradley and McHughes sufficient of the proceeds of said notes to satisfy the $3,000.00 judgment, with interest and costs.

*715This petition was resisted by Virginia Warren Neal, who claimed that she — personally—held an assignment of the said notes, which assignment was prior in point of time to the assignment to Bradley and McHughes. The Trial Court held that the assignment to Bradley and McHughes was superior to the Virginia Warren Neal assignment, and from that holding there is this appeal; and the points listed are:

“1. The recordation statutes do not apply to an assignment of notes.
‘ ‘ II. If the recordation statutes were applicable, appellees had actual notice of the prior interest of appellant.
“III. Res Judicata is inapplicable.”

The evidence disclosed the following:

(1) That W. B. Warren and Zelma Lee Warren, his wife, were the owners of two notes as folkrws: one note dated December 21, 1949 for the original sum of $15,132.22 payable $155.00 monthly beginning January 21, 1950, principal and interest, signed Charley Hughes and Hattie Hughes, and secured by a lien on certain real estate; and one note dated December 21, 1949 for the original amount of $17,774.51 payable $125.00 monthly beginning January 21, 1950,'principal and interest, signed by Claudia Carter and secured by a lien on certain real estate.

(2) That the said two notes were left with Block Realty Company in Little Rock for collection and remittance to Mr. and Mrs. Warren.

(3) That on September 5, 1956, W. B. Warren and Zelma Lee Warren, his wife, executed, acknowledged, and delivered to Virginia Warren Neal an assignment of the said notes, subject to a retained life estate in Mr. and Mrs. Warren.-This assignment1 was'never recorded.

*716 (4) That Block Realty Company was informed of the said assignment to Virginia Warren Neal; and that after the death of Zelma Lee "Warren, Virginia Warren Neal became executrix of her estate and Block Realty Company remitted each month the collections on the said notes by check payable to “W. B. Warren and Virginia Neal, A dministradrix. ’ ’

(5) That on May 16, 1960, W. B. Warren executed, acknowledged, and delivered to Brooks Bradley an assignment2 of the same notes.

*717(6) That before Bradley accepted his said assignment he visited Block Realty Company and caused W. B. Warren to write to Block Realty a letter dated May 16, 1960, which read:

“May 16, 1960. Block Realty Company, 212 Spring-Street, Little Rock, Arkansas. Gentlemen:
“You are holding two notes for collection which belong to me and which I have assigned to Brooks Bradley, my attorney, as per the enclosed assignment. Please hold said notes for collection and you are hereby specifically requested not to deliver said notes or any collections thereon, to anyone other than Brooks Bradley, my attorney.
“Yours very truly, /s/ W. B. Warren.”

(7) That Block Realty Company endorsed on the aforesaid letter the following:

“Received the original of this letter together with ' copy of assignment this 16th day of May, 1960. /s/ Block Realty Co. by Sam A. Block.”

(8) That Bradley caused the assignment from W. B. Warren to him to be filed for record and recorded in the office of the Circuit Clerk and Recorder of Pulaski County, Arkansas, on May 17, 1960; and that the assignment of Virginia Warren Neal, mentioned in Paragraph (3) supra, was never recorded.

*718(9) That Bradley associated McITugbes with him iu the Warren case, and Mdinghes stands or falls with Bradley in the present case.

I. The Recording Statutes. We have stated the facts in considerable detail and now we come to the appellant’s first point, which is that “The recordation statutes do not apply to an assignment of notes.”3 The assignment to Virginia Warren Neal was in 1956 and the assignment to Mr. Bradley was in 1960. Even though the Neal assignment was prior in point of time, the Trial Court held the Bradley assignment to be superior because the Bradley assignment was recorded and the Neal assignment was not recorded. We reach the conclusion that our re-cording statutes do not apply to notes or proceeds of notes, but only to liens on land. These statutes are in Ark. Stat. Ann. § 16-101 (Bepl. 1956) et seq. Section 16-101 requires the recorder to provide books for recording “all deeds, mortgages, conveyances, deeds of trust, bonds, covenants, defeasances, or other instruments of writing of or concerning any lands and tenements or goods and chattels.” Section 16-103 relates to “any deed, mortgage, deed of trust, bond, conveyance, or other instrument of writing authorized by law to be recorded.” Section 16-107 requires an index concerning “Deeds, mortgages, or other instruments in writing concerning lands and tenements.” Section 16-115 provides that “no .deed, bond, or instrument of writing for the conveyance of any real estate or by which the title thereto may be affected in law or equity, hereafter made or executed *719shall be good or valid against a subsequent purchaser of such real estate ...” It will thus be seen that our recording statutes relate only to instruments touching and affecting real estate. The recording of the assignment from Warren to Bradley gave notice to the world as regards the lien on. the lands, but gave Bradley no right superior to the prior assignment of the notes to Neal.

The general rule is that recordation statutes do not apply to assignment of notes unless specifically so stated by statute. In 4 Am. Jur. 300, “Assignments” § 88, in speaking of recordation, the text states: “Ordinarily^ however, the recording statutes are inapplicable to assignments.” In 45 Am. Jur. p. 444, “Records and Recording Laws” § 43, cases are cited to sustain this textual statement: “Notes secured by a mortgage may be effectively transferred as to all persons without recording if there is no requirement in the recording act that the transfer be recorded.” Again, in 11 Am. Jur. 2d p. 348, “Bills and Notes” § 326, the text reads: “General recording acts do not apply to assignments of dioses in action, and recordation is not required in absence of a statute specifically applicable to them. ... A note secured by a mortgage may be effectively transferred as to all persons without recording if there is no requirement in the recording act that the transfer of the note be recorded.” We find no authority that would support a holding that the prior unrecorded assignment of a note may be defeated by a subsequent recorded assignment.4

So we conclude that the recording statutes in Arkansas afford no protection to Bradley and that the as*720signment to Mrs. Neal is superior to the Bradley assignment since the Neal assignment is prior in point of time; and this holding renders it unnecessary for us to consider the appellant’s second point regarding knowledge.

IT. Res Judie,ata. The appellees insist that even if the recording statutes do not apply, nevertheless the appellees should prevail since the appellees insist that the prior litigation is res judicata against the appellant. We cannot agree with appellees in such insistence. In the first case — as reported in 234 Ark. 728, 354 S. W. 2d 269 — the only question was the amount of the fee to which Mr. Bradley was entitled. His claim was treated as an ordinary claim. There was no mention in our opinion as to any assignment to Virginia Warren Neal, and such assignment was not within the purview of the issues in the first case. Robertson v. Evans, 180 Ark. 420, 21 S. W. 2d 610. Thus, there is no res judicata in favor of the present appellees.

The judgment is reversed and the cause remanded for entry of a judgment in keeping with this opinion and for further proceedings not inconsistent herewith.