delivered the opinion of the Court.
Bill filed by Wm. R. Miller, 15th July, 1855, in the Independence Circuit Court, against David S. Fraley, Lewis W. Kin-man, and the firm of Moses Greenwood & Co., composed of Greenwood and Thomas E. Adams.
The case made by the bill is, in substance, as follows:
On the 18th March, 1854, Goff obtained a judgment in the Independence Circuit Court, against Lewis W. Kinman; upon which an execution was issued, 31st March following, to the sheriff of said county, and levied upon the N. E. qr. and the N. E. qr. of the N. W. qr. of Section 26; and the S. E. qr. of the N. W. qr. and the N. W. qr. of the N. W. qr. of Section 25, in Town. 14 N. R. 5 W., with other lands, as the property of Kinman, which were sold 4th September, 1854, and purchased by David S. Fraley, to whom the sheriff executed a deed therefor on the 6th of September, 1854,-which, on that dajr, was acknowledged in Court, and filed for registration on the 25th June, 1855, in the office of the Recorder of said county.
That the sale was fraudulent and void in equity, because the lands were purchased with the means, and for the benefit of Kinman, the defendant in the execution, and that the deed was taken in the name of Fraley, who held the lands after the sale for the use of Kinman, to prevent them from being sold to satisfy other judgments outstanding against him, etc.
That afterwards, on the 30th January, 1855, Kinman being *30indebted to Moses Greenwood & Co. of New Orleans, sold the lands to them, in extinguishment of the debt, and for an additional consideration in money, and Fraley and wife executed a deed to them. That the deed recited a consideration of $1400, as paid to Fraley, which was untrue, the entire consideration having passed to Kinman, for whose benefit Fraley held and conveyed the lands, etc.
That on the 21st March, 1854, William and John Park obtained a judgment against Kinman, in the Independence Circuit Court; upon which, on. the first of April following, an execution was issued to the sheriff of said county, levied upon the lands above described, with othei’s, as the property of Kinman; which were sold on the 4th of September, 1854, and purchased by complainant, Miller; to whom, on the 28th March, 1855, the sheriff executed a deed for the lands; which, on the same day, was acknowledged in Court, and on the 16th of May, following, filed for registration in the office of the Recorder of the county, etc.
That Greenwood & Co., were present by their agent, when complainants purchased the land at sheriff’s sale, and consequently knew when they purchased them of Kinman, through Fraley, that they were perpetrating a fraud on the rights of complainant.
Complainant submits that the purchase made by Kinman, through Fraley, of his own lands, at the sheriff’s sale, under the execution in favor of Gof, for fraudulent purposes, did not divest or pass any title whatever, and that consequently complainant, by his purchase, acquired a full and perfect title to the lands, free from all claims that could be made by Fraley, and Greenwood & Co., on account of the fraudulent purchase as set forth above, etc.
The bill prays that the deed from the sheriff to Fraley, and the deed from Fraley and wife to Greenwood & Co., be declared null and void; and that the title to the lands be vested in complainant, free from incumbrance on account of the fraudulent transactions, perpetrated by the defendants, as set forth in the bill, etc.
*31Kinman did not answer the bill — Greenwood & Co., and. Fraley answered.
The substance of so much of the answer of Greenwood & Co., as is material to be stated, is as follows:
They admit that Fraley and wife, by deed in fee, with special warranty against claims or incumbrances derived through or suffered by them, executed, acknowledged and filed for registration, on the 29th, but bearing date the 30th of January, 1855, conveyed to the respondents the lands described in the bill.
That respondents, on the 25th September, 1854, obtained judgment against Kinman, in the Independence Circuit Court, for $1118 22 debt and damages, which sum, with interest to the 29th January, 1855, being due to respondents, besides $8 50 costs, Kinman, on being applied to for payment or settlement of the judgment, an execution being previously issued thereon, and being in the hands of the sheriff, proposed to George C. Adams, the agent of respondents, to procure to be conveyed to them the lands in question for the sum of $1400 00, of which sum said judgment should compose a part, and the residue should’ be paid to Kinman. That Kinman told Adams, the agent, and Mr. Fairchild, the attorney of respondents, who had obtained, and was then controlling the judgment for their benefit, that the lands were held by Fraley, but that he (Kinman,) could procure a conveyance of them to be made to respondents, if their debt against him was thereby paid.
That after due reflection upon the proposition, it being considered by Adams, upon whom, as between him and the attorney of respondents, was thrown the responsibility of accepting or rejecting the proposition, it was concluded that it should be accepted, if Fraley would so convey, and if the attorney should, upon examination of the title to the lands, declare it to be good.
That Kinman declared the title to the lands to be perfect; and Fraley, on being applied to, declared his willingness to convey the lands to respondents, if it could be done in satisfaction of their judgment against Kinman, although he stated that he was under no obligation so to do, having bought them in for *32himself, and without any promise to hold them in trust for Kin-man, or any one whatever.
That, in the examination of the title, the attorney of respondents became satisfied that the title to the lands had been absoly invested in Kinman, by purchase from Wm. H. Bateman, who had held them by full unencumbered title; that they had been sold under execution issued upon the judgment in favor of Goff, as alleged in the bill, and purchased by Fraley. That although several judgments and executions had been obtained, and issued against Kinman, the proceedings under which Fraley’s title was derived, were the oldest judgment and the first execution.
Respondents were informed and believed that their said attorney had no knowledge or suspicion that the lands were claimed at that time by any other than Fraley under his purchase; and they allege that there was nothing on record that could apprise their attorney of the existence of complainant’s claim, because his deed was not executed until the 28th of March thereafter, nor filed in the Recorder’s office until the 16th May, 1855.
That their attorney went to the Recorder’s office, and examined the record of conveyances, relating to said lands, and could find no record of any claim thereto, conflicting with the title of Fraley; and was told by the Recorder, in answer to special questions put to him by the attorney, that no deed or conveyance affecting said lands was on file in the office that had not been recorded.
From all which circumstances, and from being entirely ignorant that complainant had any claim to said lands, or that they had ever been sold under any execution other than the one under which Fraley purchased them, and that the sale to him was under the oldest judgment and execution, that had been rendered and issued against Kinman, the attorney supposed the title to the lands that was proposed to be conveyed to the respondent to be good, and so thinking, proposed and obtained the execution of the conveyance from Fraley and wife to re*33spondents, etc., a copy of |vhich was made an exhibit to the bill, etc.
Respondents then acquitted Kinman from their said judgment, and immediately passed over to him the amount which the price allowed for the lands exceeded the judgment; except that by agreemeut between Kinman and Adams, eight per cent, interest was allowed respondents, instead of six, the former being the usual rate of interest, and legal when stipulated for, upon contracts made in New Orleans, where Kinman contracted the debt with respondents, upon which their judgment was obtained, etc., etc., and except the further sum of §10 for taxes paid upon the lands for the year 1854, by the attorney of respondents, which were unpaid, and which Kinman allowed to be charged to him in the settlement.
That the whole of the purchase money, and the whole consideration passed from respondents to Kinman, and by the consent of Fraley, in whom appeared to be the legal title, before the sheriff’s deed was made to complainant, and before the agent and attorney of respondents had any information or’suspicion of his claim. And the attorney had no thought or suspicion from the special warranty given by Fraley, that the title to the lands was not good, but considered it right and reasonable for Fraley to warrant against his own acts and incumbrances only.
Respondents say that the foregoing facts are stated upon information derived from their agents in the settlement of the matter; that they themselves had no thought that any claim would or could be set up to said lands in opposition to their title, so derived, until after the commencement of this suit.
That the judgment and execution, under which Fraley bought the lands, were older than those under which complainant purchased: that the sale to Fraley was made prior to that to complainant, and that the deed to Fraley was executed 26th September, 1854, and the deed from him to respondents, 29th January, 1855, and both were at once, after their execution, filed in the Recorder’s office, while the deed to complainant was not *34made until the 28th March, and not filed for record until the 18th May, 1855.
Respondents insist that the sale to complainant was Amid, because after the lands had been sold under a prior execution and older judgment, they could not again be sold so as to confer any title to any body; and that in attempting to make such sale the sheriff exceeded his power and duty, and complainant had no right to bid, and obtained no title in buying.
“ And these respondents claim the full benefit of purchasers “ of the said lands in good faith, and. for a valuable considera- “ tion, which was their whole worth and more, without notice “ of any fraud, adverse claim, or incumbrance, and after not “ being able to find any, after diligent examination of their “ attorney, and having made full payment and received full “ deed thereto, before notice of the claim of Miller.”
Respondents also insist that complainant’s purchase was void, because the lands in dispute, and others, Avere sold together, and not by separate tracts, etc.
The answer also contains a demurrer to the bill, etc.
Upon the final hearing the bill was dismissed for want of equity, and Miller appealed.
It appears from the proof in the cause, that Kinman Avas insolvent; that there Avere a number of judgments against him, and that the judgment in favor of Goff, under which Fraley purchased the lands, was the oldest, and that under which the appellant purchased was the next oldest.
There can be no doubt from the answer of Fraley, and the depositions read on the hearing, but that he purchased the lands at the request, and with the means furnished by Kinman, upon an agreement to hold them for his use and benefit. Though, by the sale, purchase, and conveyance of the sheriff, Fraley obtained the legal title to the lands, yet in consequence of the arrangement between Kinman and him, his title was fraudulent and Aroid as against the creditors of Kinman, and in equity, he held the lands as a trustee for their benefit. The title was Avorthless in his hands as against any creditor of Kinman, or *35any person purchasing under the judgment of a creditor; and the title conveyed by him to Greenwood & Co., was equally worthless and void, if they purchased with notice of the fraud; and this is the principal question in the cause: did they purchase the lands with notice of the fraudulent arrangement between Kinman and Fraley, or were they bona fide purchasers for a valuable consideration, without notice of the fraud, etc.
And, first, it is to be determined .whether the answer of Greenwood & Co., sufficiently sets up this defence.
The bill charges the fraud, and states the facts which constitute the fraud, but does not expressly allege that Greenwood & Co., had notice of the fraud when they purchased the lands of Fraley. But it is well settled that a party claiming protection as a bona fide purchaser, or mortgagee, from the fraudulent grantee of real estate, must deny notice of the fraud although notice thereof is not charged in the complainant’s bill. Manhattan Co. vs. Evertson, 6 Paige, 457; Gallatian vs. Cunningham, 8 Cow. 361; Brace vs. Duchess of Marlborough, 2 Peet Will. 495; Moore vs. Clay, 7 Ala. 742; Denning vs. Smith, 3 Johns. Ch. R. 345; Wilson vs. Hillyer et al. 1 Saxton, 63; Jenkins vs. Bodley, et al. 1 Sm. M. Ch. R. 343. He must deny notice positively and not evasively, and he must even deny fully and in the most precise terms, every circumstance charged in the bill from which notice could be inferred. Ib.; 2 H. & W. Lead. Cas. Eq. R. 85.
If the agent-or attorney of Greenwood & Co., who made the purchase for them, had notice of the fraud, it was notice to them. Willard's Eq. Juris. 608.
The answer of Greenwood & Co. should have positively denied notice of the fraud down to the time of paying the consideration and receiving the deed, etc. Byers et. al. vs. Fowler et al. 7, Eng. 286.
It may be seen by an examination of the answer, which is above substantially set out, that notice of the fraud is, in no portion of the answer, positively denied.
It is true that in one paragraph of the answer, which we *36have copied literally, the pleader states that “ respondents claim ike full benefit of purchasers, etc., without notice of any fraud,” but this is no such positive denial of notice of the fraud, at the time they purchased the lands, etc., as is required by the well established rule of pleading in such cases.
The answer of McDonald, in the case of Byers et al. vs. Fowler et al., which was held to be insufficient, is fuller and more explicit and pointed in its denial of notice of the fraud than the one now before us.
If Greenwood & Co., or their agent, or attorney, had in fact no notice of the fraudulent arrangement between Kinman and Fraley, when they purchased the land of Fraley, paid the purchase money and took the deed frqm him, it \yould have been an easy and simple matter for them to have denied it in the explicit and positive manner required by the well established and familiar rule on the subject.
But it is insisted by the counsel for appellees that it is too late, after replication to the answer, to object that its denial of notice is insufficient; and that, notwithstanding the defective answer, the appellees are entitled to the full benefit of any proof upon the hearing that they purchased in good faith, without notice, etc.; and it is pressed upon the Court that its decision on this point, in Byers et al. vs. Fowler et al., is erroneous, and should be overruled. Through respect for the learning of the eminent counsel (Mr. Fairchild), insisting upon a review of that case, we have carefully examined the authorities upon which it rests, and considered the arguments urged against its correctness, and have concluded not to disturb it.
Want of notice of the unregistered deed, or of fraud, etc., may be interposed as a defence by plea or by answer.
If done by a defective plea, the complainant may set the plea down for argument, which has the effect of a demurrer, and take the judgment of the Court upon its sufficiency. But if the complainant reply to the plea, all objections to its sufficiency, whether of form or substance, are thereby waived; and if the matter alleged in the plea be proven upon the hearing, *37no matter how defective a defence it may be, the defendant is entitled to a decree, etc. Peay, Rec'r, vs. Duncan et al., 20 Ark.
Bnt this rule does not apply to a defective defence set up by answer.
An answer performs two offices: it responds to the discovery sought by the bill, and sets up matters of defence. 'If the responses of the answer to the discovery sought by the bill be imperfect or unsatisfactory, the complainant may except; but there is no such thing as excepting, to such portion of the answer as alleges matter of defence. Matter of defence is for the benefit of the defendant, and not the complainant, and is intended to bar the relief sought by the bill. If insufficient, or defectively alleged, the complainant is not required, by any rule of chancery practice, to except for the purpose of compelling the defendant to put in a better defence. Nor is a demurrer to an answer allowed. The consequence is, that the matter of defence relied on by the defendant, must be stated at his peril, and if insufficient, he cannot make a better defence by proof upon the hearing than he has made in his answer. Gallatian et al. vs. Cunningham, 8 Cow. 361.
It is true, as suggested by the counsel for the ■ appellees, if the complainant deem the defence set up by the answer insufficient, he may set the cause down for hearing upon bill and answer, without replication, which operates, in effect,, as a demurrer to the answer; but this the complainant can rarely do, on account of the denials, usually contained in the answer, of matters charged in the bill, material to the complainant’s recovery.
It follows that the answer of appellees (Greenwood & Co.), containing no direct and positive denial of notice of the fraud, the appellant was not bound to prove notice, and any proof made by the appellees, on the point, was of no avail; as held in Byers et al. vs. Fowler et al.
In Servis vs. Bealy, 32 Miss. (3 George) 88, Mr. Chief Justice Smith makes a remark that would seem to militate against the *38soundness of Byers et al. vs. Fowler et al.; but the point being a matter of practice merely, it is better that it should remain settled as it is, than to disturb it, even if there were more than one adjudication against it. There are many questions of more importance, upon which the American cases are not in harmony.
It is very fully stated in the answer of Greenwood & Co., and sufficiently proven by the depositions read upon the hearing, that their agent and attorney purchased the lands of Kin-man, and took a conveyance from Fraley, without actual notice that appellant had previously purchased the lands under execution against Kinman. It is true, also, that, at the time the agent, etc., of Greenwood Co. purchased the lands, the sheriff’s deed to appellant had not been executed, and, of course, not filed for registration.
But this does not help the title of Greenwood & Co. The purchase of Fraley being void for fraud, and appellant having purchased the lands under a judgment, constituting a lien upon the lands next in priority to that under which Fraley purchased, his title was valid as against Fraley, and also as against, Greenwood & Co., who, for want of any sufficient denial thereof, must be held to have purchased with knowledge of the fraud which vitiated the title of their vendor. Under such circumstances, if appellant had purchased the lands, under the judgment, after Greenwood & Co. bought them of Kinman, his title would have been good, even if he had purchased with full knowledge that they had previously bought them.
It is submitted in the answer of Greenwood & Co., that the lands having been sold under the oldest judgment — that in favor of Goff, under which Fraley purchased — the second sale, under the judgment in favor of the Parks, and under which appellant purchased, was void, and conferred no title, etc.
Judge Bevins testifies that he had control of the execution in favor of the Parks, and having satisfied himself, from observing the conduct of Kiiiman and Fraley, that the purchase of the lands *39by the latter, under the execution in favor of Goff, was fraudulent, the lands were again put up and sold by the sheriff, at his instance, under the execution in favor of the Parks, and purchased by appellant.
In the case of Byers & McDonald vs. Fowler et al., the lands were first sold under an execution against Tully, and bought by Grollman upon a fraudulent agreement to hold them for the benefit of Tully. McDonald purchased of Grollman. After which the lands were sold under a junior judgment against Tully, and purchased by Fowler & Denton, who filed a bill to cancel MMDonaid’s title, etc.; and their purchase held to be valid — McDonald losing the lands for the want of a sufficient denial, in his answer, of notice of the fraud between Tully and Grollman.
Fraley having purchased the lands with Kinman’s means, and for his benefit, the lands remained, in legal contemplation, the property of Kinman, and subject to be sold for the satisfaction of .the demands of his creditors. We cannot, therefore, hold the title of the appellant void, upon the mere allegation in the answer, that he purchased at a second sale of the lands.
It is also submitted in the answer of Greenwood & Co., that the title of appellant was void, because the lands were sold together, and not by separate tracts.
This the Statute authorizes, upon the consent of the defendant in the execution, (Digest, chap. 68, sec. 54), which, it appears from the return of the sheriff in this case, was given.
If, by such sale, the lands were sacrificed to the injury of creditors, whether such consent would make the sale legal and valid, we need not decide in this case, the allegations of the answer on the subject being too meagre, and there being no fraud or unfairness attributed to the appellant in connection with the sale.
We have not overlooked the fact that the return of the sheriff shows that appellant purchased the lands at a price *40which must have been grossly inadequate; but this fact is not noticed in the answer, nor are there any allegations showing that any fraudulent conduct of the appellant, or of the sheriff superinduced him, produced such result in the sale; and mere inadequacy of price, in the absence of fraud, does not, it is well settled, vitiate the sale.
Other questions have been discussed by counsel, which the view we have taken of the main question in the cause, renders it unnecessary for us to notice.
The decree of the Court below, dismissing the bill for want of.equity, must be reversed, and the cause remanded, with instructions to the Court to reinstate the bill for further proceedings.
Absent, Mr. Justice Rector.