Prior to the 25th of February, 1920, W. J. Zierenberg, F. M. Marr and E. M. Gravette were partners engaged in the canning business under the firm name of Marr Canning Company at Cave Springs, Benton *3County, Arkansas. On the above date Zierenberg bought the interests of Gravette and Marr in the business, and the partnership was dissolved. Some time after this dissolution of the partnership the following contract was entered into:
“Tomato Grower’s Contract.
“I, James Anglin, hereby agree to devote the land and furnish everything necessary to plant and cultivate in proper manner four acres of land in tomatoes, all to be planted with a variety of seeds as furnished by Marr Canning Company at cost and $-per thousand.
“To set as early in the season as weather will permit and to deliver all the products of the above specified acreage to Marr Canning Company in sound ripe condition during season 1920. Tomatoes that are green on one side or not fully developed in size or color or less than 2 inches in diameter or bruised or jammed or overripe will not be considered merchantable, and if not merchantable are subject to dock or refusal. Tomatoes when ripe to be delivered in crates, not to weigh over 45 pounds, to Cave Springs, Ark., between the hours of 7 a. m. and 6 p. m. on each working day, except Saturday, and this day prior to 11 o’clock a. m.
“In consideration of compliance with above conditions Marr Canning Company agrees to pay for the tomatoes $20 per ton, settlement to be made every two-weeks. It is further agreed that, in case of destruction of the factory by fire or elements, or crop failure, the said Marr Canning Company shall have the right to limit the delivery of said acreage.
“J. P. Anglin, Grower.
“Accepted, Marr Canning Company.
“Per W. J. Zierenberg.
“United States Pood Administration
“License No. G 27782.”
*4Some time after the above contract was entered into Anglin received the following letter:
“W. J. Zierenberg, Mgr.
.“E. M. Gravette,
“F. M. Marr,
“Marr Canning Company,
“Canuers of Fruits and Vegetables.
“Cave Springs, Ark.
“3-10-1920.
“Mr. James Anglin,
“Elm Springs, Arkansas.
“Dear Sir:
“We have decided to pay $20 per ton for tomatoes on contract. If you wish to increase' your acreage, notify us; seed should be at the hardware next week. Please tell Mr. Baucom.
“Yours truly,
“W. J. Zierenberg.”
Anglin instituted this action against the Marr Canning Company, Zierenberg, Gravette, and Marr. In his complaint he sets out the above instruments, and alleged that they constituted the contract upon which his cause of action was founded. He averred that he entered upon and fully performed the contract on his part by planting, cultivating and bringing to maturity and delivering and offering- to deliver the tomatoes specified in the contract; that, after delivering a part of the tomatoes for which the defendants issued to him due bills in the sum of $47.40, they refused to receive any further tomatoes under the contract and refused to pay the due bills for the tomatoes that he had already delivered; that, after his tomatoes were brought to maturity under the contract and ready for market, he demanded that the defendants receive the same, which they refused to do. thereby violating their contract, to his damages in the sum of $.1,225 with interest from the 15th of September, 1920, for which he prayed judgment.
*5Anglin set out in his complaint specifically the items constituting his damage, which it is unnecessary to set out in detail here. The defendants answered, denying that at the time the alleged contract was entered into a partnership existed as alleged in the complaint. They denied that they entered into the contract alleged; they admitted that Zierenberg, representing the Cave Springs Canning Company, entered into the contract sued on. They denied all the other allegations of the complaint. They averred that the Marr Canning Company, constituted as above set out, was dissolved, and that the Cave Springs Canning Company was organized by Zierenberg, who took over the property formerly owned by the Marr Canning Company and operated it as the Cave Springs Canning Company; that at the time the contract alleged was entered into the plaintiff knew that Marr Canning Company had gone out of business and was no longer in existence. The plaintiff executed his note to the Cave Springs Canning Company for fertilizer to prepare his ground, and whatever tomatoes were raised by the plaintiff were raised after full knowledge of the fact that the Marr Canning Company was not in existence.
. Anglin testified, identifying and exhibiting to the jury the documents above set forth as the contract upon which he relies. He stated that, after receiving the above letter of March 10th, he increased the acreage called for' in the original contract and notified Zierenberg that he would increase it. He enters into detail as to the work done by him under the contract, that the tomatoes were grown and made ready for market; that after the tomatoes were ready for market he began delivering them to the defendants, and did so as long as they would receive them; that they issued him due bill for the first. He specifically itemized the elements constituting his damage. Among other things, he stated that he never heard that the partnership composing the Marr Canning Company had been changed until the 28th of August. He had seen no newspaper account of it. He lived in Washington County and did not take the Benton County papers.
*6It is unnecessary to set forth in detail the testimony of the plaintiff and the witnesses adduced in his behalf. It suffices to say there was testimony sufficient to - sustain the allegations of his complaint as to the breach .of ihe contract and the liability of the defendants, Marr and Gravette, as well as Zierenberg, provided the contract also bound them.
The appellee, Marr, testified that he and Gravette sold their interests in the Marr Canning Company to Zierenberg on the 25th of February, 1920. He never had anything more to do with it. He went to southern Kentucky. He did not know that Zierenberg used the statements and letterheads of the old firm. There was a notice in the Benton County Record of the dissolution, which notice reads as follows: “Frank Marr may quit the canning business this year. He has sold his interest in the Cave Springs factory and leased his local plant to a canning firm of Marshville, Missouri, who will run it the present season.” And another notice as follows: “W. J. Zierenberg, who recently sold his interest in the Cave Springs Canning factory to F. M. Marr and E. M. Gravette, has repurchased the same and will operate the factory again.” These notices were editorials. The witness never had any notice signed by himself and Gravette published in any paper giving notice that the partnership heretofore existing between Zierenberg, Gravette and Marr, known as the Marr Canning- Company, was dissolved, and that E. M. Gravette and F. M. Marr had retired from the business; that the business in the future would be conducted by Zierenberg. "Witness had been in the canning- business for sixteen years. On cross-examination he testified that he did most, of the printing. He had the business letter heads printed showing Zierenberg as manager and Gravette and witness as partners. The letter-heads had “Marr Canning Company,' Canners of Fruits and Vegetables,” at the top. The Marr Canning Company contracts were signed “Marr Canning Company.” The Marr Canning Company contracts had the word, “Accepted” signed by the “Marr *7Canning Company” per W. J. Zierenberg. "Whenever the words ‘ ‘Marr Canning Company” appeared in any of the documents they were a part of the printed blank form. Nowhere did the signature of the Marr Canning Company or Gravette or Marr appear except in print. When witness and Gravette sold out to Zierenberg, they did not give him permission to use their stationery, but did not collect it and the blank contracts in the name of the Marr Canning Company. Witness never moved anything; left them in the possession of Zierenberg. When witness and Gravette sold out to Zierenberg, witness did not authorize Zierenberg to take any course with the old letter heads that were left there in any way. Witness knew there were a few old blank contracts left there with Zierenberg. Zierenberg was the manager of the business the year before. Witness had no interest in the contracts or in the property of the canning company at the time the contract sued on was entered into.
The testimony of Gravette corroborated the testimony of Marr. . There was testimony in the record to the effect that on the 5th day of April, 1920, Anglin, the plaintiff, executed a note to the Cave Springs Canning Company for $27 for fertilizer. Plaintiff testified concerning this that he didn’t know whether the payee in the note was the Cave Springs Canning Co. or not. He signed the note. It was made for fertilizer to be used in preparing the ground in producing tomatoes.
The original contract specified that the Marr Canning Company agreed to pay for the tomatoes $16 per ton. Zierenberg had written to Anglin that he would pay $20 per ton, and on the day he signed the note for the fertilizer he had Zierenberg to write into the contract that he was to pay $20 per ton, instead of $16. There was also testimony tending to prove that on the 14th of September, 1920, Zierenberg drew up a contract and asked Anglin to sign the same to the effect that he had sold and agreed to deliver tomatoes to the Cave Springs Canning Company. Anglin refused to sign it and r&fused to deliver tomatoes to the Cave Springs Canning *8Company because he had never sold them any. Anglin told Zierenberg that if he would pay what he owed on the tomatoes already delivered he would deliver the remainder to the Cave Springs Canning Company.
The court, on its own motion and over plaintiff’s objection, gave, among- others, the following instruction:
“5. Although you may find and believe from the evidence that the defendants Marr and Gravette were partners or liable as partners to plaintiff with Zierenberg at the time -the original contract was entered into, yet, if you further find and believe from the evidence that, before the plaintiff incurred any expense or had carried out any part of his contract for the growing of the tomatoes, he had actual knowledge that Marr and Gravette were not partners with Zierenberg, then he could not recover from either Marr or Gravette.”
The court refused the plaintiff’s prayer for instruction, as follows:
“2. If you find from the evidence that Marr, Gravette and Zierenberg composed the firm of Marr Canning Company; that Zierenberg purchased the interest of Marr & Gravette; that Marr & Gravette permitted Zierenberg to retain the blank contracts of said firm and the letterheads and. stationery of said firm, that no notice of the dissolution of said firm was given the general public by publication in a newspaper, or otherwise, that plaintiff entered into a contract with Marr Canning Company signed in type “Marr Canning Company,” by Zierenberg, to furnish tomatoes to Marr Canning Company, and that he offered to so furnish said tomatoes, and that plaintiff’s contract was not with Zierenberg individually, but with Marr Canning Company, then the defendants Marr and Gravette would be estopped from denying liability under said contract, and you will find against Marr Canning Company and W. J. Zierenberg, E. M. Gravette and F. M., Marr for such sum as you may find due plaintiff under said contract.”
The jury returned a verdict in favor of the plaintiff against the defendant W. J. Zierenberg in the sum of *9$550. The plaintiff moved for judgment, notwithstanding the verdict, against each of the defendants, Gravette and Marr. The court overruled this motion, and also overruled the appellant’s motion for a new trial, in which, among other grounds, he assigned as error the ruling of the court in refusing to give his prayer for instruction No. 2, and also the ruling of the court in giving on its own motion instruction No. 5. The court entered a judgment discharging the defendants, Gravette and Marr, from all liability and for costs in their favor against the plaintiff. From that judgment the plaintiff appeals.
Instruction No. 5 given by the court on its own motion was inherently erroneous and prejudicial to the appellant. /'The rights of the parties under the contract were fixed at the time the contract was entered into, and, unless the appellant himself violated the contract, he had the right to recover damages growing out. of breach of the contract against those who are liable to him under such contract at the time the same was executed/- If, under the law, Marr and Gravette were liable to the appellant at the time the contract was executed, then they were liable, even though the appellant had knowledge on the 5th day of April, when lie purchased the fertilizer, that the appellees, Gravette and Marr, were no longer members of the firm of Marr Canning Company. If the appellant, when he entered into the contract, as he states, did so under the belief that Gravette and Marr were members of the firm of Marr Canning Company, with which firm he thought he was contracting, and if the conduct of the appellees, Marr and Gravette, at the time the contract was executed was such as in law to make them at that time liable on the contract, even though the partnership at that time had been dissolved, then they remained liable, regardless of any knowledge that appellant may have after-wards acquired before he incurred any expense in carrying out his part of the contract.
Appellees in their pleadings and proof do not predicate a defense upon a breach of the contract on the part of the appellant in preparing his land and producing the *10tomatoes as the contract provided. Their sole defense was that they were not parties to the contract; that the firm of Marr Canning Company had been dissolved before the contract was entered into; that the contract was made with the Cave Springs Canning Company, and that be refused to deliver the tomatoes to that company under the contract. In other words, as we understand the pleadings and the proof, the contention of the appellees is that they were not liable under the contract because they were not parties to it and could not, under the facts developed at the trial, be held liable as partners because at the time the contract was executed the firm formerly constituting Marr & Company had been dissolved and was no longer in existence. Their defense was not based upon the contention that Anglin was not entitled to recover because he had first violated the contract. Instruction No. 5 given on the court’s own motion was therefore not the law, and was prejudicial to appellant.
The court also erred in not granting appellant’s prayer for instruction No. 2. The appellees contend that this prayer was covered by instructions which the court gave, and furthermore should not have been given because the appellants did not in the court below plead and set up estoppel. Although the appellant did not reply to the appellees’ answer and did not in express terms set up and plead that the appellees were estopped from saying that they were not liable under the contract, nevertheless the court permitted the evidence to be introduced and the cause fully developed on that issue, and sent that issue to the jury in its instructions.
While the appellant failed to object specifically to some of these instructions, prayer for instruction No. 2 offered by him was a correct instruction, and itself should be taken and considered as a specific objection to the instructions which were given-by the court in conflict therewith. As the court deemed it proper to submit the issue of estoppel, it should have given appellant’s prayer for instruction No. 2, because that instruction correctly declared the law applicable to the facts as *11developed at the trial. If the court saw fit to give other instructions on that issue, it should have -made these instructions conform with the law as announced in instruction No. 2.
In Simonds v. Strong, Chamberlain & Co., 24 Vermont 642, it is said: “It seems to be perfectly well settled, both in England and this country, that a retiring partner, who was known to be a member of the firm, must publish notice of such retirement, in some newspaper where advertisements are inserted, and published in the place where the business is done, in order to shield himself from liability for the future debts of the firm, to those even with whom they had had no previous dealings.” See also—
Amidown & Co. v. Osgood, 24 Vermont 278-82; Meyer v. Krohn, 114 Ill. 574; Moline Wagon Co. v. Rummell, 12 Fed. 658; Kennedy v. Bohannon, 11 Ky. Rep. (B. Monroe) 118; Page on Contracts, § 957, and cases there cited; 1 Rowley, Modern Law Partnership, sec. 594.
In Rector v. Robins, 74 Ark. 437, an instruction was given which told the jury that the “defendant would be liable if he was a member of the firm when it commenced business or before the indebtedness accrued if the credit was extended upon the faith of his being a member and no notice, actual or constructive, had been given of the dissolution of the partnership, ’ ’ and in that case we held that the instruction substantially declared the law and cited the above adjudicated cases. There is no testimony in the record tending to prove that the appellees, Marr and Gravette, gave to the appellant any actual notice that they had retired from the firm before the contract in controversy was executed. There is no testimony tending to prove that they had published in a newspaper any notice of the dissolution of the partnership and their retirement from the firm. The editorials appearing in the paper were not such notice, and, besides, there is no testimony tending to prove that these editorials were brought home to the appellant. He testified that he had not seen them. Certainly, it cannot be *12said that that the undisputed testimony proved that the appellant had actual notice of the dissolution of the linn at the time of the execution of the contract.
For the errors indicated the judgment is reversed, and the cause will be remanded for a new trial.