In re Anaishaly C., 213 A.3d 12, 190 Conn. App. 667 (2019)

June 10, 2019 · Connecticut Appellate Court · AC 41830, (AC 41889)
213 A.3d 12, 190 Conn. App. 667

IN RE ANAISHALY C. et al.*

AC 41830, (AC 41889)

Appellate Court of Connecticut.

Argued January 16, 2019
Officially released June 10, 2019**

*15David J. Reich, for the appellant in AC 41830 (respondent father).

Joshua Michtom, assistant public defender, for the appellant in AC 41889 (respondent mother).

Rosemarie T. Weber, assistant attorney general, with whom, on the brief, were George Jepsen, former attorney general, and Benjamin Zivyon, assistant attorney general, for the appellee in both cases (petitioner).

DiPentima, C. J., and Keller and Elgo, Js.

ELGO, J.

*669The respondent mother (mother) and the respondent father (father)1 appeal from the judgments of the trial court terminating their parental rights with *670respect to their minor children, Anaishaly C. and Khrianalis C.,2 and appointing the petitioner, the Commissioner of Children and Families (commissioner), as the statutory parent.3 The respondents contend that the court improperly concluded that (1) they failed to achieve the requisite degree of personal rehabilitation required by General Statutes § 17a-112, and (2) termination of their parental rights was in the best interests of the children. We affirm the judgments of the trial court.

The following facts, which the trial court found by clear and convincing evidence, and procedural history are relevant to the resolution of this appeal. On August 28, 2012, the father was arrested on charges of assault in the third degree and disorderly conduct after he punched and kicked the mother during an argument at their residence, leaving a boot shaped imprint on her back. The mother was transported to the hospital by ambulance. Although the father told police officers that he had consumed several drinks, the police report noted his ability to articulate his thoughts clearly and calmly. According to the police report, the mother told officers that Anaishaly, who was born in June, 2011, and was fourteen months old at the time, was living with the respondents and had not witnessed the assault. Thereafter, a no contact protective order was issued by the criminal court. The order barred the father from initiating any contact with the mother and required him to vacate the home that they shared.

On October 21, 2014, the mother met with a Department of Children and Families (department) social worker and its domestic violence consultant. At that time, the mother indicated that she was afraid of the *671father and informed the department about his ongoing abuse. She told the department personnel about the incident that occurred on August 28, 2012, and about another occasion in which the father had choked and had assaulted her, which left a scar on her forehead. On October 22, 2014, after the mother signed a safety plan in which she agreed to have no contact with *16the father,4 the department brought her and Anaishaly to a domestic violence shelter. During October, 2014, the mother received drug treatment because she had rendered a positive urine test during a substance abuse assessment.

On October 27, 2014, the department learned that the mother and Anaishaly were no longer at the shelter after a department worker called the cell phone number provided by the mother and the father answered. He stated that he was at work and that the mother was at home with Anaishaly. Later that day, the mother spoke with a department worker. She reported that she had bipolar disorder, expressed her reluctance to return to the shelter, and recanted the allegations that the father had abused her physically. On that same date, the commissioner assumed temporary custody of Anaishaly, who was then three years old, pursuant to an administrative ninety-six hour hold. On October 30, 2014, the commissioner filed a neglect petition as to Anaishaly and obtained an ex parte order of temporary custody. That order was sustained at a hearing held on November 5, 2014.5

*672At 4:11 a.m. on January 1, 2015, police were called to the respondents' address. The police report indicated that the father had kicked in the front door of the apartment and attempted to punch the mother. Responding officers observed the damaged door, overturned furniture, and other vandalism. The father was not at the scene when the police arrived. The police returned to the residence again at approximately 6 a.m., at which time the mother told the police that she had received a telephone call from the father, who had threatened to "kill her" and "burn down" the apartment. (Internal quotation marks omitted.) The police discovered the father on the premises and arrested him on charges of threatening, criminal mischief, disorderly conduct, and possession of a hallucinogenic substance. The police report noted that the father was "acting like he had consumed some kind of drug(s) and alcohol." Tablets, later identified as the illegal drug ecstasy, were found on the father's person. The police report also noted that the father was combative during booking. On January 2, 2015, another full no contact protective order was issued against the father, which prohibited him from having any contact with the mother and required him to stay 100 yards away from her. He subsequently was convicted of threatening and received a six month suspended jail sentence as a result of this incident.

Anaishaly was adjudicated neglected and committed to the commissioner's custody on February 24, 2015. Thereafter, the department *17referred both respondents to various rehabilitative services in order to facilitate their reunification with Anaishaly. During 2015, the *673mother successfully completed an intimate partner violence course, substance abuse treatment, and a parenting education course.

The father's progress reports revealed mixed results. Although a department report received on March 18, 2015, indicated that he had attended all sessions in a parenting education course, he did not appear to gain insight about "how to effectively parent and display an image of a good father to his child." He also received drug treatment, from which he was discharged on September 29, 2015. Although his drug tests were negative on August 3, August 17 and September 28, 2015, he tested positive for opiates on September 8, 2015, and positive for oxycodone on September 14, 2015. The father claimed that the positive urine tests resulted from his use of his mother's prescription pain killers to treat a back injury. Following his completion of a family violence program on November 17, 2015, the department believed that he made progress in that program.

Khrianalis was born in August, 2015. After being discharged from the hospital, she lived with the respondents. Approximately six months after Khrianalis was born, the department referred the respondents to the Village for Children & Families (Village) for reunification services in an effort to reunify Anaishaly with the respondents and Khrianalis. The Village began providing reunification services on March 3, 2016. On the basis of the respondents' satisfactory participation with the Village, the department returned Anaishaly to the respondents' home on a trial basis on May 31, 2016.

Approximately one month later, on June 28, 2016, neighbors overheard the father cursing at the mother, followed by loud noises coming from the respondents' apartment. Several tenants were concerned that it sounded like the father was physically abusing the mother. A department social worker met with the respondents the next day. Both respondents denied that *674there had been any physical violence. They told the department social worker that they had not argued but had discussed an accusation that the father had been seen with another woman earlier that day. The department social worker also learned that the mother was pregnant. The department social worker spoke with Anaishaly, who was five years old at the time. Anaishaly reported to the department social worker that she and Khrianalis had stayed the previous night at their paternal grandmother's home. She also reported that she had observed the mother and the father arguing and had observed the father hit the mother. Anaishaly proceeded to describe verbally and physically where and how the father hit the mother, pointing to her left cheek when asked where the mother was hit. She showed an open hand and performed a slapping motion when she was asked how the father hit the mother. In response to Anaishaly's disclosure, "[t]he [respondents] openly blamed Anaishaly for the current situation, saying she has lied about witnessing violence and has lied on a frequent basis."

As a result of this incident, the department returned five year old Anaishaly to foster care on June 29, 2016. On that same date, the commissioner assumed temporary custody of almost ten month old Khrianalis pursuant to an administrative ninety-six hour hold. On July 1, 2016, the commissioner filed a neglect petition as to Khrianalis and obtained an ex parte order of temporary custody. That order was sustained on July 8, 2016. Khrianalis was adjudicated neglected on September 8, *182016. The children have remained in department foster care continuously from June 29, 2016, to the time of trial and have been placed with their paternal stepuncle, Jose Q., and his domestic partner.

On July 1, 2016, the court issued amended specific steps to the respondents. They were "ordered, inter alia, to cooperate with counseling and gain insight about how domestic violence affects their children; abstain *675from illegal drugs; submit to random drug testing; submit to substance abuse evaluations and follow treatment recommendations; visit the children as often as permitted; and obtain suitable housing." To facilitate their compliance with the treatment goals and reunification, the department referred the respondents to appropriate services and treatment that focused on their problems with substance abuse, parenting skills, intimate partner violence, and lack of suitable housing.

On November 26, 2016, the mother gave birth to another daughter, Knitzeyalis.6 Both the mother and the child's meconium tested positive for marijuana. On November 30, 2016, the commissioner obtained an ex parte order granting her temporary custody of Knitzeyalis. That order was sustained by the court at a hearing held on December 9, 2016.7 Knitzeyalis was adjudicated neglected and committed to the commissioner's custody on January 3, 2017. She has remained in the commissioner's custody and guardianship from the date of her removal through the time of trial and lives with her sisters in the foster home of Jose Q.

As the court indicated in its memorandum of decision, "[e]xtensive evidence was presented during this trial about the [respondents'] varying degrees of cooperation and involvement with services during the past two years." On September 29, 2016, prior to the birth *676of Knitzeyalis, the department referred the respondents to the Intimate Partner Violence-Family Assessment Intervention Response (IPV-FAIR) program at Community Health Resources. The service provider informed the department that the respondents were discharged from the program on January 3, 2017, due to poor attendance.

On May 5, 2017, the commissioner filed termination of parental rights petitions as to the respondents on behalf of the children. The department had been providing reunification services since October, 2014, when Anaishaly was first placed into foster care at three years old. At the time the petitions were filed, Anaishaly was nearly six years old, and Khrianalis, who was placed in foster care when she was almost ten months old, was twenty months old.

The respondents subsequently reengaged in the IPV-FAIR program on May 22, 2017, and successfully completed it on November 1, 2017. They attended the IPV-FAIR program "regularly, participated consistently in the sessions, were cooperative, and made progress in the program."8

*19In a discharge summary dated November 11, 2017, an outreach therapist at Community Health Resources "recommended that [the father] should undergo a mental health assessment and follow treatment guidelines to deal with [the] underlying trauma issues in his life that appear to cause his reactive behavior." The father had not initiated this treatment as of the conclusion of trial.

On October 24, 2017, while the termination of parental rights petitions were still pending, the department *677referred the family to the Village for a reunification readiness assessment to determine if the children could be safely returned to the respondents' care. Chastity Chandler, who holds a master's degree in social work and is employed as a family support specialist at the Village, was assigned to conduct the thirty day evaluation. She met with the family on eight occasions. She observed four visits between the respondents and the children and also visited the family home four times. The court found that Chandler "credibly reported that [the respondents] actively engaged with the children during the visits and that [the respondents] were capable of meeting the children's basic needs.... She credibly testified that the respondents displayed love and affection for the children during these contacts and that a strong bond exists between the [respondents] and their children.... Chandler testified credibly that Anaishaly articulated her desire to live with [the respondents]." (Citations omitted.)

Chandler, however, did not recommend reunification. Notwithstanding the pendency of the termination of parental rights petitions, both respondents were noncompliant with random drug testing. The father cooperated with only one out of twelve random drug screens. He did not appear for his first random drug test on September 8, 2017. He submitted a sample that was negative for all illicit substances on September 19, 2017, but he then failed to attend all subsequent random testing sessions. Further, the father told Chandler that he would continue smoking marijuana after the children were returned to his care because he did not believe that using it was harmful. The mother refused to give a urine sample when one was requested on October 25, 2017. Both respondents refused to submit to segmented hair tests.

On November 21, 2017, Chandler held a "closing meeting," which was attended by the respondents and department personnel, where she explained the outcome of the Village's reunification assessment to the *678respondents. During the meeting, the father became upset, used profanity, made a threat to harm a department social worker, and threatened that he would "blow up" the department office.

After the reunification assessment, in December, 2017, the department asked both respondents to submit to segmented hair drug testing. The mother did not attend scheduled appointments for hair testing on either December 21 or December 26, 2017. A hair sample was collected from the mother on January 2, 2018, which came back negative. The mother admitted, however, that she had used marijuana sometime between Christmas and New Year's Day.9 The father appeared for testing *20on December 26, 2017, but because he had cut his hair, he could not provide a testable sample. Between that date and trial, the father had been scheduled for four appointments for hair testing, and he had still not been tested.

The court also found that the respondents failed to secure adequate housing. At the time of the reunification assessment, in the fall of 2017, the respondents were residing in a five bedroom apartment that was leased by the father's mother, who was the recipient of section 8 housing benefits whereby program rules prohibited the respondents from living with her in the apartment. Consequently, the court found that "at the time of the readiness reunification assessment, the [respondents] lacked stable housing for [the children and Knitzeyalis]." In making these findings, the court also found relevant that in February, 2017, the mother was dismissed from a supportive housing assistance program, which provided her with rental assistance, due to noncompliance with program rules. The program *679allowed for two warnings of noncompliance, and the mother was issued three warnings due to disturbances at the home and her failure to attend meetings.

Through the date of trial, the children resided with their foster parents, their foster parents' two children, and Knitzeyalis. The court found that the children have bonded well with their foster parents and other family members. Although Jose Q. and his domestic partner initially told the department that they would not serve as long-term placement resources, they have since informed the department that they are willing to adopt the children. The court credited a department social study, which opined that the children "need permanent and stable living arrangements in order to grow and develop in a healthy manner."

A trial on the termination of parental rights was held on January 11, April 12 and May 1, 2018. On May 22, 2018, the court terminated the respondents' parental rights and appointed the commissioner as the children's statutory parent. This appeal followed.

I

The respondents first claim that there was insufficient evidence for the trial court to find by clear and convincing evidence that they have each failed to achieve the degree of personal rehabilitation that would encourage the belief that, within a reasonable time, they could assume a responsible position in the lives of the children.10 We disagree.

We begin by setting forth the applicable standard of review and general principles. "The trial court is *680required, pursuant to § 17a-112,11 to analyze the [parents'] rehabilitative *21status as it relates to the needs of the particular child, and further ... such rehabilitation must be foreseeable within a reasonable time.... Rehabilitate means to restore [a parent] to a useful and constructive place in society through social rehabilitation.... The statute does not require [a parent] to prove precisely when [he or she] will be able to assume a responsible position in [his or her] child's life. Nor does it require [him or her] to prove that [he or she] will be able to assume full responsibility for [his or her] child, unaided by available support systems. It requires the court to find, by clear and convincing evidence, that the level of rehabilitation [he or she] has achieved, if any, falls short of that which would reasonably encourage a belief that at some future date [he or she] can assume a responsible position in [his or her] child's life.... In addition, [i]n determining whether a parent has achieved sufficient personal rehabilitation, a court may consider whether the parent has corrected the factors that led to the initial commitment, regardless of whether those factors were included in specific expectations ordered by the court or imposed by the department.... *681"When a child is taken into the commissioner's custody, a trial court must issue specific steps to a parent as to what should be done to facilitate reunification and prevent termination of parental rights." (Citations omitted; footnote added; internal quotation marks omitted.) In re Shane M. , 318 Conn. 569, 585-86, 122 A.3d 1247 (2015). "Specific steps provide notice and guidance to a parent as to what should be done to facilitate reunification and prevent termination of rights. Their completion or noncompletion, however, does not guarantee any outcome. A parent may complete all of the specific steps and still be found to have failed to rehabilitate.... Conversely, a parent could fall somewhat short in completing the ordered steps, but still be found to have achieved sufficient progress so as to preclude a termination of his or her rights based on a failure to rehabilitate." (Citation omitted.) In re Elvin G. , 310 Conn. 485, 507-508, 78 A.3d 797 (2013).

"While ... clear error review is appropriate for the trial court's subordinate factual findings ... the trial court's ultimate conclusion of whether a parent has failed to rehabilitate involves a different exercise by the trial court. A conclusion of failure to rehabilitate is drawn from both the trial court's factual findings and from its weighing of the facts in assessing whether those findings satisfy the failure to rehabilitate ground set forth in § 17a-112(j)(3)(B). Accordingly ... the appropriate standard of review is one of evidentiary sufficiency, that is, whether the trial court could have reasonably concluded, upon the facts established and the reasonable inferences drawn therefrom, that the cumulative effect of the evidence was sufficient to justify its [ultimate conclusion].... When applying this standard, we construe the evidence in a manner most favorable to sustaining the judgment of the trial court." (Emphasis in original; footnote omitted; internal quotation marks omitted.) In re Shane M. , supra, 318 Conn. at 587-88, 122 A.3d 1247.

*682"An important corollary to these principles is that the mere existence *22in the record of evidence that would support a different conclusion, without more, is not sufficient to undermine the finding of the trial court. Our focus in conducting a review for evidentiary sufficiency is not on the question of whether there exists support for a different finding-the proper inquiry is whether there is enough evidence in the record to support the finding that the trial court made." (Emphasis altered.) In re Jayce O ., 323 Conn. 690, 716, 150 A.3d 640 (2016).

The court found by clear and convincing evidence that the department's offer and provision of services from 2015 through the end of the trial "constituted reasonable and timely efforts by the department to assist each parent's rehabilitation and to reunify the family."12 It also found by clear and convincing evidence that the respondents had each "failed to achieve the degree of personal rehabilitation that would encourage the belief that, within a reasonable time, considering [the] ages and needs of [the children], they could assume a responsible position in the lives of those children." Our review of the record in light of the lengthy recitation of the factual findings made by the court convinces us that the extensive evidence credited by the court supports its determination.

The court found that "[the children] came into [the commissioner's] custody because of [the respondents'] problems with marijuana use, domestic violence and transience. Anaishaly was twice removed from the custody of [the respondents]. She has been committed to the [commissioner's custody] since February 24, 2015. Khrianalis followed her sister into the child protection *683system on June 29, 2016. Both children have lived in their current foster home since that date." The court concluded "[b]ased on all of the evidence presented ... that [the respondents] are unable or unwilling to benefit from the extensive assistance that [the department] and other agencies have offered and provided to them while the children's cases have been pending." As the court explained in its memorandum of decision: "[The department] has offered and provided multiple reunification services to [the respondents] on an ongoing basis since October, 2014. These have included mental health counseling, substance abuse evaluations, counseling and testing, parenting education, intimate partner violence programs, supervised visitation, case management, supportive housing assistance, and reunification readiness assessments and services. The court has found that these services were timely and constituted reasonable efforts to reunify the family. The respondents successfully completed some programs, but they were unsuccessful, or noncompliant, with others. One [department] witness offered an apt analogy during her testimony when she likened the twists and turns of this case to a roller coaster ride. There were high points when [the respondents] appeared to be making progress, followed by low points when the [respondents], who were twice assessed for the return of the children, engaged in negative behavior that stopped reunification in its tracks."

In challenging these findings, both respondents argue that there is no evidence that their use of marijuana affected their ability to parent, and that "because the law concerning [the criminalization of] marijuana has changed, this change must also be reflected in the law concerning child protection ...." We are not persuaded.

*23First, the respondents offer no authority to support their claim that the movement toward legalization of *684marijuana is relevant to the law the court was required to apply in evaluating the evidence in this case. Indeed, our Supreme Court has held otherwise. The court in In re Shane M. , supra, 318 Conn. at 596 n.23, 122 A.3d 1247, found "unpersuasive the respondent's claim that, even properly drawn, [the] inference [that he had continued to use marijuana based on his proven past marijuana use and his refusal to submit to drug testing] did not prove that he failed to rehabilitate because criminal penalties for possession of marijuana have been reduced and the legislature has approved the use of marijuana for palliative medical purposes." Our Supreme Court reasoned that, "regardless of marijuana's recent limited legalized status, the respondent was ordered to refrain from using it due to his extensive personal history of substance abuse." Id. Similarly, in the present case, the respondents' personal history of substance abuse, which has included the illegal use of marijuana, as well as other substances, has properly informed and determined their specific steps, which, in turn, are prerequisites to their own rehabilitation. See id. ; see also In re Elvin G. , supra, 310 Conn. at 507-508, 78 A.3d 797 ("[s]pecific steps provide notice and guidance to a parent as to what should be done to facilitate reunification and prevent termination of rights").

Second, there is a vast difference in the purpose and application of criminal laws designed to protect the general public as compared to specific steps tailored to parents whose parenting issues are precisely why they have come to the attention of the department and the child protection court in the first instance. In the same way that the general public may legally consume alcohol while those who are alcohol dependent may not enjoy the same freedom, less restrictive laws around marijuana use for the general public13 have no bearing *685on respondents whose abuse of substances, including marijuana, has required treatment and abstention. The current movement and controversy over the legalization of marijuana in the criminal justice context is simply irrelevant.

Further, the respondents' focus on the legalization of marijuana operates on the assumption that their admissions of marijuana use are credible evidence of the extent of their rehabilitation. Understood in the context of the respondents' failure to cooperate with drug testing, evidence amounting to the respondents' self-report of marijuana use was simply that-a self-serving assessment of their own rehabilitative status-which the court was free not to credit. In fact, the proper measure of their compliance with the requirement that they refrain from abusing substances is in their ability to provide negative and randomized drug testing results over a sustained period of time, which they failed to do. The respondents knew full well that the failure to submit to drug testing violated their specific steps, which, in turn, would impede reunification with their children. Understanding these consequences, and not-withstanding the pending termination petitions, the respondents nevertheless chose not to comply, which the court properly considered in finding that the respondents failed to rehabilitate. In observing that the mother "was also aware that her fitness to resume custody of [the children and Knitzeyalis] was being evaluated when she refused to submit to drug *24testing in October, 2017," the court gave appropriate weight to this factor when considering whether the respondents were willing and able to reunify with the children.

We simply do not find fault in the court's finding that "the [respondents'] refusal to comply with drug testing during the assessment period, and the father's attitude about continued marijuana use, [was] particularly disturbing. This evidence reveals each parent's significant lack of insight about the correlation between substance *686abuse and intimate partner violence, as well as their failure to recognize how their use of illegal substances has harmed [the children] and Knitzeyalis."

The respondents also argue that there was insufficient evidence for the court to conclude that they had failed to rehabilitate on the basis of their problems with domestic violence, noting that there were no incidents of intimate partner violence since 2016, and that they had each completed domestic violence programs.14 We *687reiterate that, on review, we must determine "whether the trial court could have reasonably concluded, upon the facts established and the reasonable inferences drawn therefrom, that the cumulative effect of the evidence was sufficient to justify its [ultimate conclusion]." (Emphasis added; internal quotation marks omitted.) In re Shane M. , supra, 318 Conn. at 588, 122 A.3d 1247.

The record indicates that the court did not base its determination regarding failure to rehabilitate solely on the respondents' problems with domestic violence.

*25The court expressed its specific concern with the father's history of domestic violence and the link between at least two of those instances and his use "of alcohol and/or illegal controlled substances." Although the court did not find that there were any instances of domestic violence since 2016, it was reasonable for the court to infer that the father has not been able to control his temper or anger. The court specifically noted "the similarity between [the father's] conduct on January 1, 2015, when he threatened to kill [the mother] and burn down her apartment, and his behavior on November 21, 2017, when he threatened to cause physical harm to [a department social worker] and blow up the [department] office." That November 21, 2017 incident occurred after the respondents had completed the IPV-FAIR program.

The respondents also argue that their housing situation did not support the court's ultimate conclusion that they have failed to rehabilitate. We again note that we must look at the cumulative effect of the evidence; In re Shane M. , supra, 318 Conn. at 588, 122 A.3d 1247 ; and that the respondents' housing situation was but one of multiple factors the court considered when it made its decision. The court credited the evidence that the respondents cannot legally stay with the children at the home of the father's mother. It concluded that, "[a]s a result, the mother and the father are still without suitable housing for the children ... [and] this problem might have *688been solved if the mother had not been discharged due to noncompliance last year from the supportive housing assistance program to which she had been referred by [the department]." Neither respondent challenges the court's factual findings. See footnote 10 of this opinion. Although the respondents were living with the father's mother, there was evidence, which the court credited, to support its conclusion that such housing was neither suitable nor permissible.

The court's memorandum of decision plainly indicates that the court considered the respondents' refusal to submit to substance abuse testing, concerns over domestic violence, and the lack of suitable housing when it concluded that the respondents have failed to achieve a sufficient degree of personal rehabilitation since the department began providing reunification services to the respondents, beginning in October, 2014. The record before us contains evidence that substantiates these findings. Accordingly, we conclude that the court reasonably could have determined, on the basis of its factual findings and the reasonable inferences drawn therefrom, that the respondents failed to achieve sufficient rehabilitation that would encourage the belief that, within a reasonable time, they could assume a responsible position in the children's lives.

II

The respondents next claim that the court improperly determined that the termination of their parental rights was in the best interests of the children. Specifically, they argue that the court's conclusion was improper because the court found, among other things, that they have made progress in their rehabilitation and that they have a strong bond with the children.15 We disagree.

*26*689We begin by setting forth the applicable standard of review and general principles. "In the dispositional phase of a termination of parental rights hearing,16 the *690emphasis appropriately shifts from the conduct of the parent to the best interest of the child.... It is well settled that we will overturn the trial court's decision that the termination of parental rights is in the best interest of the [child] only if the court's findings are clearly erroneous.... The best interests of the child include the child's interests in sustained growth, development, well-being, and continuity and stability of [his or her] environment.... In the dispositional phase of a termination of parental rights hearing, the trial court must determine whether it is established by clear and convincing evidence that the continuation of the respondent's parental rights is not in the best interest of the child. In arriving at this decision, the court is mandated to consider and make written findings regarding seven *27factors delineated in [ § 17a-112(k) ].17 ... The seven factors serve simply as guidelines for the court and are not statutory prerequisites that need to *691be proven before termination can be ordered.... There is no requirement that each factor be proven by clear and convincing evidence." (Footnotes added and altered; internal quotation marks omitted.) In re Joseph M. , 158 Conn. App. 849, 868-69, 120 A.3d 1271 (2015).

In the portion of its memorandum of decision where it addressed the dispositional phase, the court reasoned: "The court has given careful consideration to the strong feelings which the [respondents] and the children have for each other. However, the court must examine and weigh this evidence in conjunction with the evidence about the length of time that both children have been in foster care and each parent's lack of progress toward reunification. Anaishaly, who will turn seven in June, [2018], has spent a total of more than three and [one-half] years in the custody of [the commissioner]. Khrianalis, who will be three in August, [2018], has resided for almost [twenty-three] months-or slightly less than two thirds of her life-in a foster home. Based on each parent's inability to sufficiently recognize and remedy the issues that caused the children's removal, and their failure to substantially benefit from services and treatment, it is impossible to predict when in the future [the children] could be safely returned home. The evidence also established that [the children] are both doing well in their present placement, and that their caretakers have committed to adopting them." The court concluded: "Because of the strong bond that exists between the [respondents] and [the children], it is very appropriate that [the mother] and [the father] were afforded much help and many opportunities to achieve reunification. However, despite receiving many supportive services during the lengthy pendency of this matter, the respondents have not resolved the serious and chronic problems that resulted in the children's commitment to [the commissioner's custody]. [The children] require the security of a safe and stable, permanent home. Their current placement provides this to them. Their *28biological parents remain unable to offer this to them. The *692court finds that it would be detrimental to the well-being of these children [to] delay permanency any longer in order to afford the respondents additional time to pursue rehabilitative efforts which have thus far proven unsuccessful." The court also made additional findings as to the seven factors enumerated in § 17a-112(k) and those findings are supported by the record.

Although the respondents contend that certain positive facts found by the court outweigh the negatives, "we will not scrutinize the record to look for reasons supporting a different conclusion than that reached by the trial court." In re Shane M. , supra, 318 Conn. at 593, 122 A.3d 1247. The respondents point out that the court found that they had made some progress in their rehabilitation efforts. We will not, however, overlook the court's finding that despite "successfully complet[ing] some programs," the respondents were "unsuccessful, or noncompliant, with others" since the department removed Khrianalis and Anaishaly, for the second time, from their care on June 29, 2016.

Moreover, as to the respondents' contention that the court found that they shared a bond with their children, " '[o]ur courts consistently have held that even when there is a finding of a bond between [a] parent and a child, it still may be in the child's best interest to terminate parental rights.' In re Rachel J. , 97 Conn. App. 748, 761, 905 A.2d 1271, cert. denied, 280 Conn. 941, 912 A.2d 476 (2006) ; see also In re Tyqwane V. , 85 Conn. App. 528, 536, 857 A.2d 963 (2004) ('The Appellate Court has concluded that a termination of parental rights is appropriate in circumstances where the children are bonded with their parent if it is in the best interest of the child to do so.... This is such a case.' ...); In re Ashley S. , 61 Conn. App. 658, 667, 769 A.2d 718 ('[A] parent's love and biological connection ... is simply not enough. [The department] has demonstrated by clear and convincing evidence that [the respondent] cannot be a competent parent to these children because *693she cannot provide them a nurturing, safe and structured environment.'), cert. denied, 255 Conn. 950, 769 A.2d 61 (2001)." In re Melody L. , 290 Conn. 131, 164, 962 A.2d 81 (2009), overruled in part on other grounds by State v. Elson , 311 Conn. 726, 91 A.3d 862 (2014). The existence of a bond, while relevant to the court's analysis, is not dispositive of the best interests determination.

On our careful review of all the evidence, we cannot conclude that the trial court's determination that the termination of the respondents' parental rights was in the best interests of the children was clearly erroneous.

The judgments are affirmed.

In this opinion the other judges concurred.